ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Early action key to reducing sea lion impacts on salmon
• Tracking the UK's carbon from soil to sea
• Research in worms provides a model to study how the human microbiome influences disease
• Avoiding over-the-counter heartburn medications could save cancer patients' lives
• Rapid population decline among vertebrates began with industrialization
• This is your brain on (legal) cannabis: Researchers seek answers
• Heart attack risk doubled for people with less education
• Movable microplatform floats on a sea of droplets
• New graphene-based system could help us see electrical signaling in heart and nerve cells
• Graffiti for science: Determining erosion rates via painting
• Researchers uncover why morning people should not work at night
• Social anxiety disorders? Cognitive therapy most effective treatment
• Quantifying radiation damage in SAXS experiments
• Scientists boost catalytic activity for key chemical reaction in fuel cells
• Ultrafast lasers reveal light-harvesting secrets of photosynthetic algae
• Method enables machine learning from unwieldy data sets
• New device for detecting subatomic-scale motion may aid robotics, homeland security
• Link found between HIV treatment, neuronal degeneration
• Research team sets new mark for 'deep learning'
• What makes influential science? Telling a good story
• Zika-linked birth defects more extensive than previously thought, research finds
• Internet use in class tied to lower test scores
• There's an 'ome' for that
• Stem cell 'living bandage' for knee injuries trialed in humans
• Etna’s volcanic ashes and extreme cold boost life in the abyssal depths of the Mediterranean
• Teens' use of e-cigarettes rising, according to surgeon general report
• New finding reveals battle behind gene expression
• Predicting throat cancer recurrence with a blood test
• One gene mutation, two diseases, many insights into human heart function
• Researchers achieve meter-scale optical coherence tomography for first time
• Many early-onset colon cancers are caused by genetic mutations passed through families
• Alzheimer's: Proteomics gives clues toward alternatives to amyloid
• Rising sea level estimates require collaborative response, experts say
• Gene editing takes on new roles
• Scientists invent new way to see proteins in motion
• Hormonal contraception is safer than expected for women with diabetes
• Land use affects spread of schistosomiasis-carrying snails in Asia
• Repurposed drugs may offer improved treatments for fatal genetic disorders

Early action key to reducing sea lion impacts on salmon Posted: 16 Dec 2016 11:28 AM PST A new study used the same kind of models that scientists use to track disease to instead examine how some California sea lions have learned to prey on salmon gathering to ascend fish ladders at Bonneville Dam. The findings highlight the need to act early 'from both a conservation and management perspective to prevent the spread of a detrimental behavior and to minimize the total number of animals removed,' the scientists wrote.

Tracking the UK's carbon from soil to sea Posted: 16 Dec 2016 11:22 AM PST Scientists from a range of disciplines will soon come together to undertake the first ever coordinated sampling of the major rivers in Great Britain to look for soil derived organic carbon. This carbon is a large element of our 'natural capital' - in fact it is so large that restoring some damaged elements of it, such as upland peat bogs, could cost up to £570 million over the next 40 years.

Research in worms provides a model to study how the human microbiome influences disease Posted: 16 Dec 2016 09:16 AM PST The human microbiome appears to play a significant role in health and disease, but the mechanisms of how it does so is not well understood. Researchers have used the nematode C. elegans to decipher how specific bacterial signals influence a host, whether the host is a worm or a human. It reveals for the first time how bacterial genes modify worm biology, with implications for future study of the human microbiome.

Avoiding over-the-counter heartburn medications could save cancer patients' lives Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:56 AM PST Something as seemingly harmless as a heartburn pill could lead cancer patients to take a turn for the worse. A new study has discovered that proton pump inhibitors, which are very common medications for heartburn and gastrointestinal bleeding, decrease effects of capecitabine, a type of chemotherapy usually prescribed to gastric cancer patients.

Rapid population decline among vertebrates began with industrialization Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:56 AM PST Rapid population decline among vertebrate species began at the end of the 19th century when industrialization was at its peak, according to researchers.

This is your brain on (legal) cannabis: Researchers seek answers Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST For those suffering depression or anxiety, using cannabis for relief may not be the long-term answer, say researchers.

Heart attack risk doubled for people with less education Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST People who leave school without a school certificate are more than twice as likely to have a heart attack as those with a university degree, according to groundbreaking new research from the largest ongoing study of healthy aging in the Southern Hemisphere.

Movable microplatform floats on a sea of droplets Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST A platform floating on tiny droplets, using hydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces, could provide precise motion control for optical devices, MEMS and other systems.

New graphene-based system could help us see electrical signaling in heart and nerve cells Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST Scientists have enlisted the exotic properties of graphene to function like the film of an incredibly sensitive camera system in visually mapping tiny electric fields. They hope to enlist the new method to image electrical signaling networks in our hearts and brains.

Graffiti for science: Determining erosion rates via painting Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST In a new feasibility study, a team of scientists shows how erosive processes can be visualized by simple painting on rocks in a mountain gorge in the Swiss Alps.

Researchers uncover why morning people should not work at night Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST It has been known for a long time that early risers work less efficiently at night than night owls do. But researchers have uncovered new and distinctive features between the night activities of these two types of individuals. At night, early risers demonstrate a quicker reaction time when solving unusual attention-related tasks than night owls, but these early risers make more mistakes along the way.

Social anxiety disorders? Cognitive therapy most effective treatment Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST Social phobia is the most common anxiety disorder of our time. But the current treatment regimen for patients with this diagnosis has not proven very effective. Researchers spent 10 years studying alternative treatments to find that cognitive therapy works best for social anxiety disorders.

Quantifying radiation damage in SAXS experiments Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST Biological small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an experimental technique that provides low-resolution structural information on macromolecules.

Scientists boost catalytic activity for key chemical reaction in fuel cells Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST New catalysts containing platinum and lead could improve the efficiency of fuel cells -- a promising technology for producing clean energy.

Ultrafast lasers reveal light-harvesting secrets of photosynthetic algae Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST Using ultrafast lasers, scientists discovered a surprising mechanism of cryptophyte algae for extremely efficient light-harvesting that gives valuable insight for the design of artificial light capture systems.

Method enables machine learning from unwieldy data sets Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:55 AM PST A new algorithm that makes the selection of diverse subsets much more practical has now been presented by researchers.

New device for detecting subatomic-scale motion may aid robotics, homeland security Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:54 AM PST Scientists have developed a new device that measures the motion of super-tiny particles traversing distances almost unimaginably small -- shorter than the diameter of a hydrogen atom.

Link found between HIV treatment, neuronal degeneration Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:54 AM PST Certain protease inhibitors, among the most effective HIV drugs, lead to the production of the peptide beta amyloid, often associated with Alzheimer's disease, and may be the cause of cognitive problems, report researchers.

Research team sets new mark for 'deep learning' Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:54 AM PST Artificial intelligence and neuroscience experts have taken inspiration from the human brain in creating a new 'deep learning' method that enables computers to learn about the visual world largely on their own, much as human babies do.

What makes influential science? Telling a good story Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:54 AM PST Scientific papers written in a more narrative style were more influential among peer-reviewed studies in the climate change literature, new research has found.

Zika-linked birth defects more extensive than previously thought, research finds Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:46 AM PST Zika-linked abnormalities that occur in human fetuses are more extensive and severe than previously thought, with 46 percent of 125 pregnancies among Zika-infected women resulting in birth defects in newborns or ending in fetal death, researchers report.

Internet use in class tied to lower test scores Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:45 AM PST Warning: Surfing the internet in class is now linked to poorer test scores, even among the most intelligent and motivated of students.

There's an 'ome' for that Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:44 AM PST The genome was just the beginning. Rapid advances in technology and computational tools are allowing researchers to categorize many aspects of the biological world.

Stem cell 'living bandage' for knee injuries trialed in humans Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:43 AM PST A 'living bandage' made from stem cells, which could revolutionize the treatment and prognosis of a common sporting knee injury, has been trialed in humans for the first time.

Etna’s volcanic ashes and extreme cold boost life in the abyssal depths of the Mediterranean Posted: 16 Dec 2016 08:41 AM PST Volcanic ashes from the Etna eruption (March, 2012) and the extreme cold from the previous winter, created an authentic shower of manna in the Ierapetra Basin (4.430 meters depth abyss) in one of the less productive marine environments of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea.

Teens' use of e-cigarettes rising, according to surgeon general report Posted: 15 Dec 2016 04:19 PM PST The United States Surgeon General recently issued a report that adolescents' use of electronic cigarettes has more than tripled since 2011. As recently as 2010, e-cigarettes were rare, but in 2015, 40 percent of high school students said they had used e-cigarettes at least once.

New finding reveals battle behind gene expression Posted: 15 Dec 2016 02:53 PM PST The complex process regulating gene expression is often compared to following a recipe. Miss a genetic ingredient, or add it in the wrong order, and you could have a disaster on your hands.

Predicting throat cancer recurrence with a blood test Posted: 15 Dec 2016 02:53 PM PST Researchers found that patients whose oropharyngeal cancer recurred had higher levels of antibodies for two proteins, E6 and E7, which are found in HPV-fueled cancers. The finding suggests a potential blood-based marker that could predict when cancer is likely to return.

One gene mutation, two diseases, many insights into human heart function Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:35 AM PST Scientists have linked a single gene mutation to two types of heart disease: one causes a hole in the heart of infants, and the other causes heart failure. Using cells donated by a family with the mutation, the researchers gained insight into congenital heart disease, human heart development, and healthy heart function.

Researchers achieve meter-scale optical coherence tomography for first time Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:35 AM PST An industry-academic collaboration has achieved the first optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of cubic meter volumes. With OCT's ability to provide difficult-to-obtain information on material composition, subsurface structure, coatings, surface roughness and other properties, this advance could open up many new uses for OCT in industry, manufacturing and medicine. The achievement also represents important progress toward developing a high-speed, low-cost OCT system on a single integrated circuit chip.

Many early-onset colon cancers are caused by genetic mutations passed through families Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:34 AM PST One in every six colorectal cancer patients (16 percent) diagnosed under age 50 has at least one inherited genetic mutation that increases his or her cancer risk and many of these mutations could go undetected with the current screening approach, according to initial data from a statewide colorectal cancer screening study.

Alzheimer's: Proteomics gives clues toward alternatives to amyloid Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:33 AM PST In Alzheimer's research, one particular protein looms large: plaque-forming amyloid-beta. Yet plaques can accumulate decades before symptoms appear, and clinical trials aimed at controlling amyloid-beta have mostly flopped so far. Scientists are using proteomics to look for alternative mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Rising sea level estimates require collaborative response, experts say Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:33 AM PST Policymakers and scientists must act quickly and collaboratively to help coastal areas better prepare for rising sea levels globally, say climate change experts.

Gene editing takes on new roles Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:33 AM PST A new combined method may finally give scientists a tool fine enough to probe life's most nuanced processes.

Scientists invent new way to see proteins in motion Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:33 AM PST Researchers have developed a new imaging technique that makes X-ray images of proteins as they move in response to electric field pulses.

Hormonal contraception is safer than expected for women with diabetes Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:33 AM PST Strokes and heart attacks are rare for women with diabetes who use hormonal contraception, with the safest options being intrauterine devices (IUDs) and under-the-skin implants, new research shows.

Land use affects spread of schistosomiasis-carrying snails in Asia Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:32 AM PST To help inspire new ways of stopping the spread of schistosomiasis, researchers have studied the dispersal patterns of the snails that carry the infection. Irrigation channels and other land use patterns, they found, affect the likelihood of the snails spreading between neighboring areas.

Repurposed drugs may offer improved treatments for fatal genetic disorders Posted: 15 Dec 2016 11:32 AM PST Researchers believe they have identified a potential new means of treating some of the most severe genetic diseases of childhood, according to a new study.

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