الخميس، 6 سبتمبر 2012

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News


HIF gene mutation found in tumor cells offers new clues about cancer metabolism

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 03:30 PM PDT

For the first time, a mutation in HIF2 alpha, a specific group of genes known as transcription factors that is involved in red blood cell production and cell metabolism, has been identified in cancer tumor cells.

Alternatives to Medicare's fee-for-service payment system examined

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 02:16 PM PDT

For years policymakers have attempted to replace Medicare's fee-for-service payment system with approaches that pay one price for an aggregation of services. The intent has been to reward providers for offering needed care in the most appropriate and cost-effective manner. But many of these programs have known pitfalls, according to a new article.

Call for a new approach to fighting tuberculosis

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 02:16 PM PDT

Each year, nearly two million people die from tuberculosis -- a treatable disease that has been brought under control in the United States, but continues to ravage other parts of the world. This health inequity should prompt a complete rethinking of the way tuberculosis is fought on a global level, experts argue.

Fathers who sleep closer to children have lower testosterone levels

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 02:16 PM PDT

Closer sleeping proximity between fathers and children is associated with a greater decrease in the father's testosterone level, with possible implications for parenting behavior.

Best strategy to defeat HIV in South Africa: Study challenges World Health Organization's approach

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 02:15 PM PDT

The World Health Organization (WHO) is about to embark on a new strategy to prevent AIDS in South Africa, a country thought to have more people with HIV/AIDS than any other country in the world. Using mathematical modeling, the WHO predicts this strategy could completely eliminate HIV in South Africa within a decade. Alas, researchers at UCLA respectively disagree, suggesting the WHO has left out key considerations. Their own model suggests a different approach.

NFL players may be at higher risk of death from Alzheimer’s and ALS, research shows

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 01:33 PM PDT

New research shows that professional football players may be at a higher risk of death from diseases that damage the cells in the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease and ALS (also known as Lou Gehrig's disease), compared to the general U.S. population.

Biochemical functions for most of human genome identified: New map finds genetic regulatory elements account for 80 percent of our DNA

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 12:48 PM PDT

Only about 1 percent of the human genome contains gene regions that code for proteins, raising the question of what the rest of the DNA is doing. Scientists have now begun to discover the answer: About 80 percent of the genome is biochemically active, and likely involved in regulating the expression of nearby genes, according to a study from a large international team of researchers.

Major advances in understanding the regulation and organization of the human genome

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 12:46 PM PDT

The National Human Genome Research Institute today announced the results of a five-year international study of the regulation and organization of the human genome. The project is named ENCODE, which stands for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements. In conjunction with the release of those results, the Journal of Biological Chemistry has published a series of reviews that focus on several aspects of the findings.

Computational method for pinpointing genetic factors that cause disease

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 12:43 PM PDT

Researchers have developed a computational method of identifying "causal" genetic variants that lead to particular diseases, with wide application for genome-wide association studies.

Concussions can happen in all kids, not just athletes

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 12:43 PM PDT

The gridiron is back in action. From little leagues to professional teams, football frenzy has begun, and with it, concerns about concussions. But it's not just jarring tackles that can lead to concussions in kids. According to doctors, there are many ways kids are exposed to concussion risks.

Guys, take note: Male birth control pill may be ready soon

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 11:19 AM PDT

Attention men: The day may be coming soon when you can take your own birth control pill with no side effects, according to a new study.

Animal study finds anti-HIV vaginal ring can prevent virus transmission

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 11:19 AM PDT

Scientists have found that a vaginal ring releasing an anti-HIV drug can prevent the transmission of SHIV in macaques. This study provides the first efficacy data on the delivery of a microbicide from a vaginal ring, and indicates strong potential for the success of such rings in women. Microbicides are compounds that can be applied inside the vagina or rectum to protect against sexually transmitted infections, including HIV.

Genome-wide scan maps mutations in deadly lung cancers; reveals embryonic gene link

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 11:16 AM PDT

Scientists have completed a comprehensive map of genetic mutations linked to an aggressive and lethal type of lung cancer. Among the errors found in small cell lung cancers, scientists found an alteration in a gene called SOX2 associated with early embryonic development.

Mouse study suggests sleep problems may be early Alzheimer's sign

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 11:16 AM PDT

Sleep disruptions may be among the earliest indicators of Alzheimer's disease, scientists report.

First holistic view of how human genome actually works: ENCODE study produces massive data set

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 11:09 AM PDT

The Human Genome Project produced an almost complete order of the 3 billion pairs of chemical letters in the DNA that embodies the human genetic code -- but little about the way this blueprint works. Now, after a multi-year concerted effort by more than 440 researchers in 32 labs around the world, a more dynamic picture gives the first holistic view of how the human genome actually does its job.

New PTSD diagnosis criteria examined

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:54 AM PDT

Proposed changes to the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder will not substantially affect the number of people who meet criteria for the disorder, according to new research.

How a high-fat diet and estrogen loss leads women to store more abdominal fat than men

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:54 AM PDT

A high-fat diet triggers chemical reactions in female mice that could explain why women are more likely than men to gain fat in the abdomen after eating excess saturated fat, new research suggests. The study also sheds light on why women gain fat following menopause.

Study in mice discovers injection of heat-generating cells reduces belly fat

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:53 AM PDT

The injection of a tiny capsule containing heat-generating cells into the abdomens of mice led those animals to burn abdominal fat and initially lose about 20 percent of belly fat after 80 days of treatment.

Telaprevir: Added benefit in certain patients with hepatitis C

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:53 AM PDT

The new drug telaprevir offers advantages in various groups of patients with chronic hepatitis C infection of genotype 1. The available studies provide proof, indications or "hints" of an added benefit. However, not only the probability but also the extent of added benefit varies, according to a new assessment.

Children exposed to two phthalates have elevated risk of asthma-related airway inflammation

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:53 AM PDT

Children exposed to diethyl phthalate and butylbenzyl phthalate -- phthalate chemicals commonly found in personal care and plastic products -- have elevated risk of asthma-related airway inflammation, according to researchers.

Millions of DNA switches that power human genome's operating system are discovered

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:53 AM PDT

Genes make up only 2 percent of the human genome and are easy to spot, but the on/off switches controlling those genes were encrypted within the remaining 98 percent of the genome. Without these switches, called regulatory DNA, genes are inert. Scientists created detailed maps of the locations of regulatory DNA within hundreds of different kinds of living cells. They also compiled a dictionary of the instructions written within regulatory DNA.

In massive genome analysis ENCODE data suggests 'gene' redefinition

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

As part of a huge collaborative effort called ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements), a research team at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has analyzed all the RNA messages, called transcripts, produced within human cells. They show that three-quarters of the genome is capable of being transcribed, indicating that nearly all of our genome is dynamic and active. This raises exciting new possibilities for research into complex genetic diseases.

Yale team finds order amidst the chaos within the human genome

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

The massive Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) unveiled Sept. 5 reveals a human genome vastly more rich and complex than envisioned even a decade ago. In a key supporting paper published in the journal Nature, the lab of Yale's Mark Gerstein, the Albert L. Williams Professor of Biomedical Informatics, has found order amidst the seeming chaos of trillions of potential molecular interactions.

Mapping a genetic world beyond genes

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

Most of the DNA alterations that are tied to disease do not alter protein-coding genes, but rather the "switches" that control them. Characterizing these switches is one of many goals of the ENCODE project -- a sweeping, international effort to create a compendium of all of the working parts of the human genome that have not been well studied or well understood. The function of the vast majority of the human genome has remained largely unknown, but the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, launched in 2003, set out to change that.

UC Santa Cruz provides access to encyclopedia of the human genome

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

The ENCODE project has enabled scientists to assign specific functions for 80 percent of the human genome, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation and giving biomedical researchers a solid genetic foundation for understanding how the body works in health and disease. The project's data coordination center at UCSC has made all of the ENCODE data available for public use through the UCSC Genome Browser.

UMASS Medical School faculty annotate human genome for ENCODE project

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

The first comprehensive decoding and annotation of the human genome is being published today by the ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project, an international consortium of scientists from 32 institutions, including the University of Massachusetts Medical School. The groundbreaking ENCODE discovery appears in a set of 30 papers in Nature, Genome Research and Genome Biology.

Huge human gene study includes Penn State University research

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:50 AM PDT

The first integrated understanding of how the human genome functions will be published this week -- the triumphant result of a collaborative five-year project called ENCODE, involving more than 440 researchers working in 32 labs worldwide. Penn State's contribution involves using the new ENCODE data to help explain how genetic variants that do not affect the structure of encoded proteins could affect a person's susceptibility to disease.

Researchers unlock disease information hidden in genome's control circuitry

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

Researchers have determined that the majority of genetic changes associated with more than 400 common diseases and clinical traits affect the genome's regulatory circuitry. These are the regions of DNA that contain instructions dictating when and where genes are switched on or off. Most of these changes affect circuits that are active during early human development, when body tissues are most vulnerable.

Fast forward for biomedical research: Massive DNA encyclopedia scraps the junk

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

Today, an international team of researchers reveal that much of what has been called 'junk DNA' in the human genome is actually a massive control panel with millions of switches regulating the activity of our genes. Without these switches, genes would not work -- and mutations in these regions might lead to human disease. Discovered by hundreds of scientists working on the ENCODE Project, the new information is so comprehensive and complex that it has given rise to a new publishing model in which electronic documents and datasets are interconnected.

ENCODE Project publishes new genomic insights in special issue of Genome Research

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

Genome Research publishes a special issue dedicated to The ENCODE (ENCyclopedia Of DNA Elements) Project, whose goal is to characterize all functional elements in the human genome.

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of human ENCODE cells

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

ENCODE, an international research project led by the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), has produced and analyzed 1649 data sets designed to annotate functional elements of the entire human genome. Data on transcription starting sites (TSS) contributed by a research team at the RIKEN Omics Science Center provided key anchor points linking the epigenetic status of genes observed at the 5' end directly to their RNA output.

Tough gel stretches to 21 times its length, recoils, and heals itself: Biocompatible material much tougher than cartilage

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

A team of experts in mechanics, materials science, and tissue engineering has created an extremely stretchy and tough gel that may pave the way to replacing damaged cartilage in human joints. Called a hydrogel, because its main ingredient is water, the new material is a hybrid of two weak gels that combine to create something much stronger. Not only can this new gel stretch to 21 times its original length, but it is also exceptionally tough, self-healing, and biocompatible -- a valuable collection of attributes that opens up new opportunities in medicine and tissue engineering.

Human genome far more active than thought: GENCODE Consortium discovers far more genes than previously thought

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

The GENCODE Consortium expects the human genome has twice as many genes than previously thought, many of which might have a role in cellular control and could be important in human disease. This remarkable discovery comes from the GENCODE Consortium, which has done a painstaking and skilled review of available data on gene activity.

Understanding the human genome: ENCODE at BioMed Central

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:49 AM PDT

The completion of the human genome project in 2003 was an immeasurably important milestone, but (like an book written in code) left many biologists wondering what the sequence might actually mean. Consequently, the focus of human genomics that year began the transition from generating sequence -- to annotating the functional elements, hidden within the human genome's 3.2 billion As, Cs, Gs and Ts. With this goal in mind the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) consortium was formed.

Nanosystems engineering research center on self-powered health monitoring

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:48 AM PDT

Four universities will partner on a national nanotechnology research effort to create self-powered devices to help people monitor their health and better understand how their environment affects it, the U.S. National Science Foundation announced.

Decoding the Black Death: Anthropologist finds clues in medieval skeletons

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 10:48 AM PDT

Researchers have been studying medieval skeletons at the Museum of London since 2003, each year unlocking more clues to the mystery that surrounds the Black Death.

Common hospital-acquired infection rarely reported in the dataset used to implement hospital penalties

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 09:27 AM PDT

Aiming to cut expenses and improve care, a 2008 Medicare policy stopped paying hospitals extra to treat some preventable, hospital-acquired conditions -- including urinary tract infections (UTIs) in patients after bladder catheters are placed. But a statewide Michigan analysis shows there was very little change in hospital payment due to removing pay for hospital-acquired catheter-associated UTIs. For all adult hospital stays in Michigan in 2009, eliminating payment for this infection decreased hospital pay for only 25 hospital stays (0.003 percent of all stays). This is in great contrast to the large savings anticipated, given that this condition accounts for nearly one third of all hospital-acquired infections.

Plaque-forming substances in mice with Alzheimer’s disease dramatically reduced

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 09:27 AM PDT

Scientists have found that eliminating an enzyme from mice with symptoms of Alzheimer's disease leads to a 90 percent reduction in the compounds responsible for formation of the plaques linked to this form of dementia. That is the most dramatic reduction in this compound reported to date in published research.

Surgeon, professor team in new approach to pain treatment

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 09:27 AM PDT

A chronic pain condition and numerous gastrointestinal disorders may all be caused by a virus. That's a Tuscaloosa-based surgeon's theory likely headed for a clinical trial early next year and one drawing support from a researcher who studies how viruses replicate.

Infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Study finds way to pinpoint risk

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:11 AM PDT

Rheumatoid arthritis alone is painful and disabling, but it also puts patients at higher risk of death. The greater susceptibility to infections that accompanies the autoimmune disorder is one reason.

Robotic exoskeletal device: Preliminary research findings for Ekso in spinal cord injury

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:11 AM PDT

Preliminary research findings have been released from a clinical study of the wearable robotic exoskeletal device, Ekso (Ekso Bionics). Initial results are promising for the potential application of Ekso-assisted walking in rehabilitation, in exercise/wellness programs, in the community and for home use.

London Olympics anti-doping labs set for first-of-a-kind repurposing

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:11 AM PDT

The United Kingdom will convert the London 2012 Olympics anti-doping center, which conducted more than 6,000 drug tests on athletes during the Olympic and Paralympic Games, into a facility that could help revolutionize 21st century health care. That new facility will be the world's first national "phenome center".

Prenatal exposure to pesticide additive linked with childhood cough

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:10 AM PDT

Children exposed in the womb to the widely used pesticide additive piperonyl butoxide have heightened risk of noninfectious cough at ages 5 and 6, according to researchers.

Tumor suppressor genes vital to regulating blood precursor cells in fruit flies

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:10 AM PDT

Stem cell scientists have shown that two common tumor suppressor genes, TSC and PTEN, are vital to regulating the stem cell-like precursor cells that create the blood supply in Drosophila, the common fruit fly.

Biting back against Lyme disease

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

Caused by a bite from an infected tick, Lyme disease has early symptoms that are unpleasant but respond well to antibiotics. However, if diagnosis is delayed or mistaken, the illness can take a serious turn, leading to severe joint pain, brain infection and paralysis. Now a researcher in the UK is on the trail of an accurate test that will enable quick and accurate detection of Lyme disease.

Can videogaming benefit young people with autism spectrum disorder?

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

Children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder are typically fascinated by screen-based technology such as video games, and these can be used for educational and treatment purposes, as described in a new article.

Why does Alzheimer's disease affect twice as many women as men?

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

A group of experts has developed consensus recommendations for future research directions to determine why nearly two-thirds of Americans with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are women.

Simple way of predicting severe pain following breast cancer surgery uncovered

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

Women having surgery for breast cancer are up to three times more likely to have severe pain in the first week after surgery if they suffer from other painful(conditions, such as arthritis, low back pain and migraine, according to new research.

Job insecurity affects health, Michigan study finds

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

Workers who perceive their jobs aren't secure are more likely to rate themselves in poor health and have increased symptoms of anxiety and depression, researchers report.

Cybersecurity experts researching how to keep medical devices secure, communicating on hospital networks

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:09 AM PDT

What if you could shut down several emergency rooms simultaneously without leaving your own home? How about hacking a pacemaker and reprogramming it to cause a heart attack? Although these could be scenes from an espionage film, they are also some of the plausible scenarios that cybersecurity experts are working to prevent.

Nanosystems engineering research center on self-powered health monitoring

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:08 AM PDT

North Carolina State University will lead a national nanotechnology research effort to create self-powered devices to help people monitor their health and understand how the surrounding environment affects it, the National Science Foundation announced.

Patient spending for spinal care in U.S. has nearly doubled over past decade

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:08 AM PDT

Expenditures for treatment of back and neck problems in the U.S. have nearly doubled since the late 1990s -- mainly from increased spending for care provided by medical specialists, according to a new report.

Kinsey Reporter: Free app allows public to anonymously report, share information on sexual behavior

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 08:08 AM PDT

Indiana University has released Kinsey Reporter, a global mobile survey platform for collecting and reporting anonymous data about sexual and other intimate behaviors. The pilot project allows citizen observers around the world to use free applications now available for Apple and Android mobile platforms to not only report on sexual behavior and experiences, but also to share, explore and visualize the accumulated data.

Can gene therapy cure fatal diseases in children?

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 05:39 AM PDT

That low bone density causes osteoporosis and a risk of fracture is common knowledge. But an excessively high bone density is also harmful. The most serious form of excessively high bone density is a rare, hereditary disease which can lead to the patient's death by the age of only five. Researchers in Sweden are now trying to develop gene therapy against this disease.

Harnessing anticancer drugs for the future fight against influenza

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 05:39 AM PDT

Researchers in Finland have developed a new cell screening method that can be used to identify potential anti-influenza drugs. They also identified two novel anti-influenza agents.

Epigenetic causes of prostate cancer: Researchers observe modified methylation patterns in a group of prostate cancers

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 05:38 AM PDT

In about half of all prostate tumors, there are two genetic areas that are fused with one another. When this is not the case, the exact way cancer cells originate in prostate tumors was not clear until now. Scientists were able to show that the genesis of this fusion-negative prostate cancer has epigenetic causes: methyl groups are distributed differently over the DNA in the cancer cells than in healthy cells. Thanks to this knowledge, physicians may be able to achieve greater specificity in treating prostate tumors in future. In addition, the aberrant DNA methylations can be used as a potential biomarker for identifying prostate cancer.

Brainy beverage: Study reveals how green tea boosts brain cell production to aid memory

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 05:38 AM PDT

It has long been believed that drinking green tea is good for the memory. Now researchers have discovered how the chemical properties of China's favorite drink affect the generation of brain cells, providing benefits for memory and spatial learning.

Possible new therapy for the treatment of a common blood cancer

Posted: 05 Sep 2012 05:37 AM PDT

Research from in Sweden shows that sorafenib, a drug used for advanced cancer of the kidneys and liver, could also be effective against multiple myeloma. The disease is one of the more common forms of blood cancer and is generally incurable.

When psychology trumps anti-obesity drugs

Posted: 04 Sep 2012 05:24 PM PDT

Patients who fail to lose weight while taking anti-obesity drugs do so because of their beliefs about themselves and about the difficulty of losing weight.

Rate of women with pregnancy-associated cancer on the rise, study suggests

Posted: 04 Sep 2012 04:37 PM PDT

The rate of pregnancy-associated cancer is increasing and is only partially explained by the rise in older mothers, suggests new research.

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