الجمعة، 10 يناير 2014

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Novel biomarker approach suggests new avenues to improve schizophrenia disease management

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 03:04 PM PST

Environmental effects of events such as oxygen deprivation and infections may be preserved as markers in blood that are associated to schizophrenia, according to an international study.

Innovative motion evaluation tool saves patients with back pain X-ray radiation exposure

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 03:03 PM PST

Those who have undergone extensive back surgery and need repeated X-rays to monitor their progress may soon have access to a new technology that skips the X-rays and repeated radiation exposure, opting instead for an innovative, noninvasive, non-X-ray device that evaluates spinal movement, according to a paper.

Study dispels theories of Y chromosome's demise: Stripped-down chromosome retains key genes for fertility

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:57 PM PST

Population geneticists compared the Y chromosomes of eight African and eight European men to understand why the chromosome is so puny. They attribute the size to strong natural selection to remove harmful genes -- so-called purifying selection -- but find essential roles for the remaining genes, dispelling the common notion that the Y's genes are mostly unimportant and that the chromosome is destined to dwindle and disappear.

Epigenetics: New link between nutrition, cancer

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:55 PM PST

In a recent article, researchers explore the possible effects that diet can have on gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms.  Explaining the impact of nutrition on epigenetic mechanisms may help to predict an individual's susceptibility to cancer, provide dietary recommendations, or provide therapeutic applications of natural compounds to fight against cancer.

New study shows promise for preventing therapy resistance in tumor cells

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:55 PM PST

A new study suggests that activating the tumor suppressor p53 in normal cells causes them to secrete Par-4, another potent tumor suppressor protein that induces cell death in cancer cells. This finding may help researchers decipher how to inhibit the growth of tumors that have become resistant to other treatments.

Discovery may aid vaccine design for common form of malaria

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST

A form of malaria common outside of Africa attacks red blood cells by clamping down on the cells with a pair of proteins, new research has revealed. The study provides details that will advance design of vaccines and drug treatments for the strain, Plasmodium vivax.

Research demonstrates 'guided missile' strategy to kill hidden HIV

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST

Researchers have deployed a potential new weapon against HIV – a combination therapy that targets HIV-infected cells that standard therapies cannot kill.

Targeting certain kidney cells may help treat kidney failure

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST

Putative kidney progenitor cells contribute to kidney function decline by causing kidney scarring. Targeting these cells may therefore help prevent or treat kidney failure. Researchers have identified an additional but limited reserve of kidney filtering cells that are present at birth and become mature and functional filter cells by adulthood.

Mood stabilizing drug may help treat acute kidney injury

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 02:54 PM PST

A single low dose of lithium given to mice following acute kidney injury promotes kidney repair and accelerates the recovery of kidney function.

Spinal cord findings could help explain origins of limb control

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:38 AM PST

Researchers have found that the spinal cord circuits that produce body bending in swimming fish are more complicated than previously thought. In a study of zebrafish, they report that differential control of an animal's musculature -- the basic template for controlling more complex limbs, such as in humans -- is already in place in the spinal networks of simple fish. The data could help clarify how vertebrates made the transition from water to land.

Capturing a hard-wired variability: What makes some identical twins noticeably different?

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:37 AM PST

A new study has uncovered a phenomenon that alters prevailing views of how the genome is expressed to make and sustain the life of mammals. The article helps explain why genetically identical animals are sometimes so different in their biology and appearance, and why some inherited disorders caused by a shared set of aberrant genes can be of such variable severity in different people.

New clues to how bacteria evade antibiotics

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 11:37 AM PST

Scientists have made an important advance in understanding how a subset of bacterial cells escape being killed by many antibiotics.

Inappropriate antibiotic use in emergency rooms not decreasing in adults

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:26 AM PST

An analysis of emergency room visits over a 10-year period finds that while inappropriate antibiotic use is decreasing in pediatric settings, it continues to remain a problem in adults, according to research.

Improved regulations to protect human research subjects would better protecting study participants

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:24 AM PST

Proposed updates to federal regulations that protect human research subjects need additional clarification when applied to the social and behavioral sciences, says a new report.

New pathway for neuron repair discovered

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:24 AM PST

A brand-new pathway for neuron repair has been discovered that could have implications for faster and improved healing after nerve damage. The research demonstrates, for the first time, that dendrites, the component of nerve cells that receive information from the brain, have the capacity to regrow after an injury.

Rewiring stem cells: New technique may revolutionize understanding of how genes function

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 10:23 AM PST

A new technique for determining what causes stem cells to convert into other cell types could revolutionize our understanding of how genes function.

Researchers discover tumor suppressor gene in very aggressive lung cancer

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST

Researchers have found that the MAX gene, which encodes a partner of the MYC oncogene, is genetically inactivated in small cell lung cancer. Reconstitution of MAX significantly reduced cell growth in the MAX-deficient cancer cell lines. These findings show that MAX acts as a tumor suppressor gene in one of the more aggressive types of lung cancer.

Cancer drug protects against diabetes

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST

New research shows that low doses of a cancer drug protect against the development of type 1 diabetes in mice. At the same time, the medicine protects the insulin-producing cells from being destroyed.

Successful test in humans of nasal vaccine against pertussis

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST

The CHILD-INNOVAC European research program has enabled the development of an innovative vaccine that can be administered intranasally, to combat pertussis, which has shown a resurgence in developed countries in recent years.

Unfit, lean people are better protected against heart attacks than fit, obese people

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:36 AM PST

A research team has shown that physical fitness in your teens can reduce the risk of heart attack later in life, while men who are fit and obese in their teens run a higher risk of having a heart attack than unfit, lean men.

Many men start testosterone therapy without clear medical need

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:17 AM PST

Although testosterone use has sharply increased among older men in the past decade, many patients appear to have normal testosterone levels and do not meet the clinical guidelines for treatment, according to new research.

Want a better work-life balance? Exercise, study finds

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 07:17 AM PST

Researchers have found that exercise plays a role in how individuals feel they can manage their work-life balance.

Maternal stress hormones, maternal smoking increase daughter's risk of nicotine dependence, study shows

Posted: 09 Jan 2014 06:19 AM PST

Smoking during pregnancy is linked to numerous negative outcomes, including low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and increased risk for attention deficit disorder, conduct disorder, and nicotine use in offspring. Despite this extensive literature, it is estimated that 13%-30% of women in the United States continue to smoke while pregnant. Now, a new 40-year longitudinal study provides strong evidence that prenatal exposure to maternal stress hormones predicts nicotine dependence later in life -- but only for daughters.

Marine bacteria to fight tough infections

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:43 PM PST

Aggressive infections are a growing health problem all over the world. The development of resistant bacteria is rampant and, in the United States, resistant staphylococci cause more deaths than AIDS on an annual basis. Researchers are studying a new form of treatment based on marine bacteria.

Simple test can indicate cervical cancer

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:38 PM PST

Researchers have confirmed that using the heat profile from a person's blood, called a plasma thermogram, can serve as an indicator for the presence or absence of cervical cancer, including the stage of cancer.

Epilepsy drug taken in pregnancy found safe in preschool child development

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 02:05 PM PST

A new study finds that the epilepsy drug levetiracetam appears not to be associated with thinking, movement and language problems for preschool children born to mothers who took the drug during pregnancy, although the drug valproate was associated with some difficulties in preschoolers.

Amount, types of fat we eat affect health, risk of disease

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 12:40 PM PST

Healthy adults should consume between 20 percent and 35 percent of their calories from dietary fat, increase their consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, and limit their intake of saturated and trans fats, according to an updated position paper from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.

The ironic (and surprising) effects of weight stigma

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:37 AM PST

If you're one of the millions of people who count losing weight among their top New Year's resolutions, you might want to pay careful attention to some new findings a psychology professor.

Color-coded cells reveal patchwork pattern of X chromosome silencing in female brains

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 09:35 AM PST

Producing brightly speckled red and green snapshots of many different tissues, researchers have color-coded cells in female mice to display which of their two X chromosomes has been made inactive, or "silenced."

Researchers discover ovarian cancer biomarker

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 07:24 AM PST

Researchers have identified a microRNA biomarker that shows promise in predicting treatment response in the most common form of ovarian cancer – a breakthrough that has the potential to improve outcomes for patients with the disease.

Medicine protects against strokes

Posted: 08 Jan 2014 06:32 AM PST

It is well-known that anticoagulant medicine assists in the prevention of strokes. A large Danish study now shows that the medicine can also reduce the risk of death and brain damage when a stroke happens anyway.

How to keep that New Year resolution to get fit

Posted: 07 Jan 2014 06:52 PM PST

Recording goals in a fitness diary, reflecting on the successes and failures and being held to account by others are some of the key strategies that have been found to maximize the achievement of goals to get fit.

Toll of emotional labor on nurses

Posted: 07 Jan 2014 06:52 PM PST

Nurses can suffer because of the requirement to display compassion at all times, new research indicates.
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