السبت، 22 أغسطس 2015

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

New ring can diagnose sexually transmitted diseases in a single test

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 02:22 PM PDT

A ring with the ability to diagnose sexually transmitted diseases like syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis has been developed.

Social surveys no longer accurately measure sex, gender in US

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 01:42 PM PDT

Most social surveys are not measuring what surveyors think is being measured when it comes to sex and gender, new research reveals. To better reflect today's diversity, researchers say that survey designers should ask themselves if using only one question with two possible answers is enough.

New drug protects against the deadly effects of nuclear radiation 24 hours after exposure

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 01:41 PM PDT

A new breakthrough has been reported in countering the deadly effects of radiation exposure. A single injection of a regenerative peptide was shown to significantly increase survival in mice when given 24 hours after nuclear radiation exposure.

Chestnut leaves yield extract that disarms deadly staph bacteria

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 01:41 PM PDT

The study of a chestnut leaf extract, rich in ursene and oleanene derivatives, shows that it that blocks Staphlococcus aureus virulence and pathogenesis without detectable resistance.

Diabetes linked to bone health

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 11:17 AM PDT

A link between diabetes and bone health has been found by researchers. Clinical trials have revealed a startling elevation in fracture risk in diabetic patients, the investigators note.

Genetic ancestry partially explains one racial sleep difference

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 11:17 AM PDT

A new study clearly establishes a partial genetic basis underlying racial differences in slow-wave sleep, suggesting that it may be possible to develop sleep-related therapies that target specific genetic variants.

Improving cardiorespiratory fitness reduces risk of arrhythmia recurrence

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 11:17 AM PDT

Obese atrial fibrillation patients have a lower chance of arrhythmia recurrence if they have high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, and risk continues to decline as exercise capacity increases as part of treatment, according to a study published today in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

Physician support key to successful weight loss, study shows

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 09:55 AM PDT

A review of survey data from more than 300 obese people who participated in a federally funded weight loss clinical trial found that although the overall weight loss rates were modest, those who rated their primary care doctor's support as particularly helpful lost about twice as many pounds as those who didn't.

Weak doses of radiation prolong life of female flies, scientists find

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 09:53 AM PDT

Scientists have revealed that weak doses of gamma radiation prolong the life of drosophila flies (fruit flies), and that the effect is stronger in females than in males. These findings could reveal the genes that enable the prolongation of life and in the future lead to the creation of a means to prevent aging in humans.

Impact of sleep disturbance on recovery in veterans with PTSD and TBI

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 08:10 AM PDT

Poor sleep may impact treatment and recovery in veterans with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). A review of extensive research on sleep in TBI and PTSD has found that sleep-focused interventions can improve treatment outcomes in veterans.

Anti-aging tricks from dietary supplement seen in mice

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 08:10 AM PDT

The dietary supplement alpha lipoic acid can stimulate telomerase, the enzyme that lengthens chromosomes' protective caps, with positive effects in a mouse model of atherosclerosis, scientists report. The discovery highlights a potential avenue for the treatment for chronic diseases.

How DNA 'proofreader' proteins pick and edit their reading material

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 08:10 AM PDT

Researchers have discovered how two important proofreader proteins know where to look for errors during DNA replication and how they work together to signal the body's repair mechanism.

Multiple sclerosis: Cognition linked with limited activity, participation

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 08:10 AM PDT

Processing speed is the primary limiting factor associated with activity and participation in everyday life among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), research has found. This is the first such study of cognition and measures of activity and participation in MS.

Tests used to measure internal bleeding for patients taking two popular drugs may not be reliable

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 07:37 AM PDT

While internal bleeding may be uncommon as a result of taking blood thinners such as Xarelto® (rivaroxaban) and Eliquis® (apixaban), the normal coagulation tests physicians use to check for the side effect of bleeding may not be reliable, new research suggests.

High sugar consumption among children relates to poor family functioning, study finds

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 07:36 AM PDT

The quality of general family functioning is a major determinant of healthy dietary habits, according to new research. A British study found that a mother's perception of effective general family functioning has a significant effect on limiting the intake of sugary foods and drinks by their three and four year old children. In contrast, less effective family functioning leads to high frequency intake of sugary foods and drinks by three and four year old children in the family.

Intractable pain may find relief in tiny gold rods

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 07:36 AM PDT

Scientists have developed a technique that could lead to therapies for pain relief in people with intractable pain, potentially including cancer-related pain. The team coated gold nanorods with a special type of protein that transports fat within the body known as a lipoprotein. This allowed the nanorods to bind efficiently to nerve cell membranes bearing a pain receptor. Gold nanorods are tiny rods that are 1-100 nanometers wide and long. In comparison, a human hair is 100,000 nanometers wide.

Research on meat species shows mislabeling in commercial products

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 06:30 AM PDT

Two separate studies have been released on meat mislabeling in consumer commercial products. One study focused on identification of species found in ground meat products, and the other focused on game meat species labeling. Both studies examined products sold in the US commercial market; and both study outcomes identified species mislabeling among the product samples.

Developing high-sensitivity, high resolution magnetocardiography for use at room temperature

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:37 AM PDT

Researchers have developed a sensor for the living body that can detect the bio-magnetic field with high sensitivity and high resolution.

Scientists warn of the risk from air pollution over the megacities of West Africa

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:34 AM PDT

New research warns of the risks posed by the increasing air pollution over the cities of West Africa – amid fears it could have an impact on human health, meteorology and regional climate.

Something to chew on: Millions of lives blighted by smokeless tobacco

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:34 AM PDT

More than a quarter of a million people die each year from using smokeless tobacco, researchers have concluded. The study estimates that in 2010 alone smokeless tobacco resulted in more than 62,000 deaths due to cancers of the mouth, pharynx and esophagus and accounted for more than 200,00 deaths from heart disease.

Key protein in cilia assembly identified

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:34 AM PDT

Many cells in our bodies present a small structure that looks like, and as a matter of fact works as an antenna, conveying to the cell information on the extracellular environment. They are called cilia (plural) or cilium (singular). Ciliated cells play essential functions in the human body. Thus, for instance, the monitoring of fluid flow in the kidney, the detection of hormones in the brain, or the senses of hearing and smell depend on specialized neurons equipped with chemo-sensory or mechano-sensory cilia. New research contributes to understanding how cilia are assembled.

Immune system: Help for killer cells

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:34 AM PDT

New light has been shed on an important immune mechanism. The work shows how the body provides the important killer cells with a helper in the case of an infection. The study could point the way to better vaccines in the future.

How can we improve data sharing of biomedical research across the globe?

Posted: 21 Aug 2015 05:27 AM PDT

With the globalization of biomedical research and growing concerns about possible pandemics of diseases such as HIV, SARS, and Ebola, international data-sharing practices are of growing interest to the biomedical science community. A new special journal issue presents guidelines, protocols, models, and new resources to improve data sharing across the globe.

Eating 'on the go' could lead to weight gain, new research finds

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 06:26 PM PDT

Dieters who eat 'on the go' may increase their food intake later in the day which could lead to weight gain and obesity, new research shows. The findings from the study also showed that eating while walking around triggered more overeating compared to eating during other forms of distraction such as watching TV or having a conversation with a friend.

Experts claim number of people with dementia in some Western European countries could be stabilizing

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 04:02 PM PDT

A group of leading experts on the epidemiology of dementia state that the number of people with dementia -- both new cases and total numbers with the disease -- in some Western European countries is stabilizing despite population aging, in direct contrast to the 'dementia epidemic' reported in some recent studies.

Nine risk factors may contribute to two-thirds of Alzheimer's cases worldwide

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 04:02 PM PDT

Nine potentially modifiable risk factors may contribute to up to two-thirds of Alzheimer's disease cases worldwide, suggests an analysis of the available evidence.

'Substantial' number of NHS hospital staff treat victims of human trafficking

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 04:02 PM PDT

A 'substantial' proportion of NHS hospital staff -- around one in eight, in some places -- treat the victims of people trafficking, with maternity services most likely to do so, finds new research.

Antibodies in the blood provide clues to transplant recipients' likelihood of rejection

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 04:02 PM PDT

Among kidney transplant recipients, patients with mostly IgG3 donor-specific HLA antibodies had a higher likelihood of organ rejection soon after transplantation, scientists have found. If rejection occurred in those with mostly IgG4 antibodies, it was usually much later after transplantation.

Women warriors at no greater risk for PTSD than men, study finds

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 03:59 PM PDT

While past research on the question has been mixed, a new study suggests that women in the military are at no greater risk than men for developing posttraumatic stress disorder, given similar experiences -- including combat.

US hospitals flout CDC recommendations that prevent infections

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 03:59 PM PDT

There is significant variability regarding how clinicians manage catheters placed in the arteries of patients in intensive care units, research shows. Some practices may increase risk of infection associated with these catheters. Fewer than half of those surveyed complied with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention infection prevention guidelines for arterial catheter insertions.

Spouses of stroke survivors face lingering health issues

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 03:59 PM PDT

Caregiver spouses of stroke survivors are at an increased risk of mental and physical health issues that may continue for years after stroke. Spouses of stroke survivors reported lower scores in several mental and physical areas -- more health issues affecting their lives, less vitality, and reduced social function -- not only during the first years after stroke but also in the long-term, research shows.

Study documents extent of unexpected sexual consequences for young women who drink alcohol

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 01:04 PM PDT

In-depth interviews of 20 young women attending an urban sexually transmitted disease clinic have documented a variety of unexpected, unintended sexual encounters linked to their alcohol use before sex occurs.

Study finds genes associated with improved survival for pancreatic cancer patients

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 01:02 PM PDT

A new set of genes that can indicate improved survival after surgery for patients with pancreatic cancer has been identified by researchers. The study also showed that detection of circulating tumor DNA in the blood could provide an early indication of tumor recurrence.

Long distance travelers likely contributing to antibiotic resistance's spread

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 01:02 PM PDT

Swedish exchange students who studied in India and in central Africa returned from their sojourns with an increased diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in their gut microbiomes, research indicates.

Researchers suggest approach to fight common virus in immunosuppressed patients

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 11:51 AM PDT

New light has been shed on how adenovirus replicates in humans. The findings suggest that agents that enhance the Type I interferon signaling pathway could be useful to fight adenovirus infections in immunosuppressed patients.

Maltreated children's brains show 'encouraging' ability to regulate emotions

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 11:49 AM PDT

There's a common assumption that children subjected to abuse or trauma will have problematic emotions across the board -- muted responses to positive situations and extreme reactions to negative ones. But a new study's findings suggest that maltreated children are perhaps more resilient and adaptable than previously thought. Given the right strategies, abused children have a surprising ability to regulate their emotions, the research shows.

Two proteins work together to help cells eliminate trash; Parkinson's may result

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 11:48 AM PDT

Two proteins that share the ability to help cells deal with their trash appear to need each other to do their jobs and when they don't connect, it appears to contribute to development of Parkinson's disease, scientists report.

Why we're smarter than chickens

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 11:48 AM PDT

A single molecular event in our cells could hold the key to how we evolved to become the smartest animal on the planet, scientists report. They have uncovered how a small change in a protein called PTBP1 can spur the creation of neurons -- cells that make the brain -- that could have fuelled the evolution of mammalian brains to become the largest and most complex among vertebrates.

Discovery of trigger for bugs' defenses could lead to new antibiotics

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 11:18 AM PDT

Scientists have exposed a chink in the armor of disease-causing bugs, with a new discovery about a protein that controls bacterial defenses.

New test for heart disease is noninvasive

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 10:50 AM PDT

A new, noninvasive technology employs CT scans to detect coronary artery disease. The system calculates how much blood is flowing through diseased coronary arteries that have narrowed due to a buildup of plaque. The patient does not need an invasive angiogram that involves threading a catheter to the heart.

Patent expirations for blockbuster antipsychotic meds could save billions

Posted: 20 Aug 2015 10:47 AM PDT

Medicaid is expected to save billions of dollars a year as patents for several blockbuster antipsychotic medications expire and use of generic versions increases, according to new research. The savings may provide relief from the high medication costs and allow policymakers to lift restrictions on patients' access.
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