ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Innovative device allows 3-D imaging of the breast with less radiation
• Electric fields weaker in slow-healing diabetic wounds
• Statin drugs reduce infection risk in stroke patients, report suggests
• Unlocking secrets of immune system could help combat colitis
• Natural molecule could improve Parkinson's
• Pitch range produced by vocal cords
• Mechanism for Rift Valley fever virus infection discovered
• Exercise can help adults better cope with ADHD symptoms
• Researchers discover an early warning sign of transplant rejection
• Research may point to new ways to deliver drugs into bacteria
• Impaired decision-making may contribute to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
• Pregnant women's high-fat, high-sugar diets may affect future generations
• Lab-grown nerve cells make heart cells throb
• Summer session fruit fly data leads to promising new target in colorectal cancer
• How fat becomes lethal, even without weight gain
• New procedure allows long-term culturing of adult stem cells
• A single species of gut bacteria can reverse autism-related social behavior in mice
• Vitamin D may not be the great solution to health problems
• Study underscores ongoing need for HIV safety net program
• Extent of resection associated with likelihood of survival in glioblastoma
• Cause of heart arrhythmia in adult muscular dystrophy clarified
• Legions of immune cells in the lung keep Legionella at bay
• Changed gut bug mix linked to C-section, antibiotics and formula lasts through baby's first year
• Device for irregular heartbeat may be more cost-effective than medication
• Scientific gains may make electronic nose the next everyday device
• Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers
• 7-day doctors cut weekend emergency hospital visits by 18 percent, study finds
• Survival of the fittest sperm: How new technology may help infertile couples
• Absent investments, 200 million children may not reach their potential, experts say
• Researchers find potential key to preventing heart attacks, strokes in older adults
• African subterranean animal exhibits 'extraordinary' cancer resistance
• Cancer-preventing protein finds its own way in our DNA
• Women's long work hours linked to alarming increases in cancer, heart disease
• Pre and post testing show reversal of memory loss from Alzheimer's disease in 10 patients
• ‘Map’ of teenage brain provides strong evidence of link between serious antisocial behavior and brain development
• Super-resolution microscopy reveals unprecedented detail of immune cells' surface
• Simulations describe HIV's 'diabolical delivery device'
• Sleep disorders may predict heart events after angioplasty
• Four paths to the end of life, one far more expensive than others, emerge in new study
• Engineering the immune system to kill cancer cells
• Face of the future: Researchers first to grow living bone that replicates original anatomical structure
• High rate of patient factors linked to hospital readmissions following general surgery

Innovative device allows 3-D imaging of the breast with less radiation Posted: 16 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT Adding a new device to an existing breast molecular imaging system allows the system to get six times better contrast of cancer lesions in the breast, providing the same or better image quality while also potentially reducing the radiation dose to the patient by half. The device may also allow for 3-D molecular breast images at higher resolution than current 2-D scans in a format that may be used alongside 3-D digital mammography.

Electric fields weaker in slow-healing diabetic wounds Posted: 16 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT People with diabetes often suffer from wounds that are slow to heal and can lead to ulcers, gangrene and amputation. New research from an international group shows that, in mouse models of diabetes, slow healing is associated with weaker electrical currents in wounds. The results could ultimately open up new approaches for managing diabetic patients.

Statin drugs reduce infection risk in stroke patients, report suggests Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:13 PM PDT Statin drugs can dramatically lower the risk of infections in stroke patients, report researchers. Patients on statins upon admission to hospital, or early in their stay, had significantly lower risk for developing infections than those put on statins later in their hospitalization or not at all. These findings remained strong after being controlled for other possible influences like the severity of strokes, age and the presence of other conditions like diabetes.

Unlocking secrets of immune system could help combat colitis Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:12 PM PDT Researchers have unlocked secrets of our ancient immune system, a major scientific advance which could help scientists and clinicians in the global fight against disease, they say.

Natural molecule could improve Parkinson's Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:16 AM PDT A natural molecule shows benefit in a preliminary clinical trial for Parkinson's Disease, report scientists. Current treatments for Parkinson's disease are generally limited to temporarily replacing dopamine in the brain as well as some medications designed to slow the progression of the disease process.

Pitch range produced by vocal cords Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:16 AM PDT Vocal cords are able to produce a wide range of sound frequencies because of the larynx's ability to stretch vocal cords and the cords' molecular composition, report researchers.

Mechanism for Rift Valley fever virus infection discovered Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT Viruses can't live without us -- literally. As obligate parasites, viruses need a host cell to survive. Scientists are exploiting this characteristic by developing therapeutics that close off pathways necessary for viral infection, essentially stopping pathogens in their tracks. Rift Valley fever virus and other bunyaviruses may soon be added to the list of viruses denied access to a human host. Researchers have now discovered a mechanism by which RVFV hijacks the host machinery to cause infection.

Exercise can help adults better cope with ADHD symptoms Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT Exercise, even a small amount, can help alleviate symptoms of ADHD in adults, according to a new study. About 6 percent of American adults report symptoms consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, which lead to anxiety, depression, low energy and motivation, poor performance at work or school and also increased traffic accidents.

Researchers discover an early warning sign of transplant rejection Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT A new study has identified a protein that could diagnose chronic graft-versus-host disease, a serious, long-term complication that affects some patients after a blood and bone marrow transplant.

Research may point to new ways to deliver drugs into bacteria Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT An exhaustive look at how bacteria hold their ground and avoid getting pushed around by their environment shows how dozens of genes aid the essential job of protecting cells from popping when tensions run high.

Impaired decision-making may contribute to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT People with Parkinson's disease have a form of impaired decision-making that may be a major contributor to the movement problems that characterize the disease. This finding suggests that the neurological factors underlying Parkinson's, which currently affects nearly 1 million people in the United States, may be more complex than commonly believed.

Pregnant women's high-fat, high-sugar diets may affect future generations Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT A pregnant woman's high-fat, high-sugar diet may have consequences for later generations, a mouse study indicates. The study suggests that a woman's obesity can cause genetic abnormalities that are passed through the female bloodline to at least three subsequent generations, increasing the risk of obesity-related conditions.

Lab-grown nerve cells make heart cells throb Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT Researchers report that a type of lab-grown human nerve cells can partner with heart muscle cells to stimulate contractions. Because the heart-thumping nerve cells were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, the researchers believe the cells -- known as sympathetic nerve cells -- will allow them to grow nerve cells that replicate nervous system diseases in particular patients' diseases.

Summer session fruit fly data leads to promising new target in colorectal cancer Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT The role of TIP60 (alongside previously known CDK8) in allowing human colorectal cancer cells to survive at the oxygen-poor centers of tumors is now better understood, thanks to new research.

How fat becomes lethal, even without weight gain Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT New research now adds to evidence that other tissues can step in to make glucose when the liver's ability is impaired, and that the breakdown of fats in the liver is essential to protect it from a lethal onslaught of fat. The new research findings, from studies in mice, are likely to help researchers better understand a growing class of often-deadly metabolic diseases, which affect how the body processes nutrients.

New procedure allows long-term culturing of adult stem cells Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT A new procedure may revolutionize the culturing of adult stem cells. The approach has successfully generated and expanded airway stem cells from the sorts of samples collected during routine treatment of lung disorders and may be applicable to several other tissue types, including skin and the linings of the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.

A single species of gut bacteria can reverse autism-related social behavior in mice Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT The absence of a one specific species of gut bacteria causes social deficits in mice, researchers report. By adding this bacteria species back to the guts of affected mice, the researchers were able to reverse some of their behavioral deficits, which are reminiscent of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in humans. The investigators are now looking to explore the effects of probiotics on neurodevelopmental disorders in future work.

Vitamin D may not be the great solution to health problems Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new review examines the evidence for 10 common beliefs about vitamin D. The beliefs range from the ability of vitamin D to reduce falls and fractures, improve depression and mental well-being, prevent rheumatoid arthritis, treat Multiple Sclerosis, and lessen incidences of cancer and mortality. The review finds little evidence though that supplementation with this vitamin has much of an effect at all.

Study underscores ongoing need for HIV safety net program Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new study of insurance coverage of more than 28,000 people with HIV concludes that a decades-old program that offers free medical care remains a critical necessity despite the availability of coverage under the Affordable Care Act.

Extent of resection associated with likelihood of survival in glioblastoma Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT The extent of resection in patients with glioblastoma, an aggressive and often fatal brain tumor, was associated with the likelihood of survival and disease progression, according to a new study.

Cause of heart arrhythmia in adult muscular dystrophy clarified Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT The cause of heart arrhythmia in myotonic dystrophy was RNA abnormalities in the sodium channel in the heart, clarifying the symptom's mechanism, an international joint research group found. This finding will be helpful in prevention and early intervention of death in this disease, leading to the development of new treatment.

Legions of immune cells in the lung keep Legionella at bay Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT A team of specialist researchers believe they have found a major response that helps keep the Legionella infection at bay. Legionella pneumophila is the bacterium that causes legionnaire's disease. The bacterium preferentially grows within pond amoebae, but can 'accidentally' cause serious lung infections in susceptible humans.

Changed gut bug mix linked to C-section, antibiotics and formula lasts through baby's first year Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Birth by C-section, exposure to antibiotics and formula feeding slow the development and decrease the diversity of a baby's microbes through the first year of life, new research indicates.

Device for irregular heartbeat may be more cost-effective than medication Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT A new study may support the use of a device for patients suffering from irregular heart rhythms. The Watchman is a catheter-delivered device that is permanently implanted in the opening of the left atrial appendage (LAA), a small appendage of tissue that projects off one of the upper chambers of the heart.

Scientific gains may make electronic nose the next everyday device Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Researchers are working to develop an affordable electronic nose that can be used in breath analysis for a wide range of health diagnosis.

Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Basic and translational research paves the way for breakthroughs that can ultimately change patient care. Three new studies provide a glimpse into future treatment strategies for stomach ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and alcoholic liver disease.

7-day doctors cut weekend emergency hospital visits by 18 percent, study finds Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT The UK government's pilot of seven-day opening of doctor surgeries has significantly reduced weekend emergency hospital visits, hospital admissions and ambulance call-outs, new research has found.

Survival of the fittest sperm: How new technology may help infertile couples Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Of the millions of sperm that enter the vagina, only about 10 make it to the egg, demonstrating how rigorous the natural sperm selection process really is. So how is it possible to select only the best sperm for assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization? That's what a researcher is aiming to do with a new device that can quickly, easily and cost effectively select the healthiest sperm without causing DNA damage.

Absent investments, 200 million children may not reach their potential, experts say Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Thirty-one academic experts in children's health argue that absent urgent action by international aid agencies, 200 million children around the world could sustain serious, lifelong cognitive impairment. A new article makes the case that global policy lags behind the science of brain health, and children must be given the opportunity not just to survive, but thrive.

Researchers find potential key to preventing heart attacks, strokes in older adults Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:23 AM PDT Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), a protein that is naturally found in high levels among adolescents, can help prevent arteries from clogging, researchers have discovered. They say that increasing atherosclerosis patients' levels of the protein could reduce the amount of plaque buildup in their arteries, lowering their risk of heart disease.

African subterranean animal exhibits 'extraordinary' cancer resistance Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:21 AM PDT Naked mole-rats (NMR) are the longest-living rodent species and exhibit extraordinary resistance to cancer. A research team has now found the induced pluripotent stem cells derived from NMR to be non-tumorigenic, shedding new light on their unique anti-cancer mechanism at the molecular level.

Cancer-preventing protein finds its own way in our DNA Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT Tumor protein TP53 knows exactly where to bind to our DNA to prevent cancer, geneticists have demonstrated. Once bound to this specific DNA sequence, the protein can activate the right genes to repair damaged cells, the researchers report.

Women's long work hours linked to alarming increases in cancer, heart disease Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT Women who put in long hours for the bulk of their careers may pay a steep price: life-threatening illnesses, including heart disease and cancer. Work weeks that averaged 60 hours or more over three decades appear to triple the risk of diabetes, cancer, heart trouble and arthritis for women, according to new research.

Pre and post testing show reversal of memory loss from Alzheimer's disease in 10 patients Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT A small trial of 10 patients using a personalized systems approach to memory disorders shows an unprecedented reversal of memory loss in those diagnosed with early stage Alzheimers. Pre and post results are based on quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing. The study is based on a protocol dubbed 'metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration.'

‘Map’ of teenage brain provides strong evidence of link between serious antisocial behavior and brain development Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT The brains of teenagers with serious antisocial behavior problems differ significantly in structure to those of their peers, providing the clearest evidence to date that their behavior stems from changes in brain development in early life, according to new research.

Super-resolution microscopy reveals unprecedented detail of immune cells' surface Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT Scientists show how T-cell receptors reposition during an immune response, revealing more on how the immune system is regulated.

Simulations describe HIV's 'diabolical delivery device' Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT An innovative computer model of HIV has been developed by scientists that gives real insight into how a virus 'matures' and becomes ineffective.

Sleep disorders may predict heart events after angioplasty Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:30 PM PDT People who have had procedures to open blocked heart arteries after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) may have a higher risk of death, heart failure, heart attack and stroke if they have sleep disorders, such as sleep apnea, compared to those who don't. The presence of sleep disorders in ACS patients is an important predictor of major cardiovascular events after angioplasty.

Four paths to the end of life, one far more expensive than others, emerge in new study Posted: 15 Jun 2016 01:30 PM PDT Last-ditch, high-tech heroic treatments. Days in the hospital intensive care unit. You might think this is what makes dying in America so expensive – and that it's where we should focus efforts to spend healthcare dollars more wisely. But a new study finds that for nearly half of older Americans, high spending was already in motion a year before they died.

Engineering the immune system to kill cancer cells Posted: 15 Jun 2016 12:18 PM PDT A new immunotherapy, a treatment that enhances immune system function in order to treat or prevent disease, is under developed as a means to more effectively target and kill cancer cells.

Face of the future: Researchers first to grow living bone that replicates original anatomical structure Posted: 15 Jun 2016 12:17 PM PDT A new technique repairs large bone defects in the head and face by using lab-grown living bone, tailored to the patient and the defect being treated. This is the first time researchers have grown living bone grown to precisely replicate the original anatomical structure, using autologous stem cells derived from a small sample of the recipient's fat.

High rate of patient factors linked to hospital readmissions following general surgery Posted: 15 Jun 2016 10:47 AM PDT An analysis of risk factors for hospital readmission following general surgery finds that a large number of readmissions were not caused by suboptimal medical care or deterioration of medical conditions but by issues related to mental health, substance abuse, or homelessness, according to a study.

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