ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Innovative device allows 3-D imaging of the breast with less radiation
• Electric fields weaker in slow-healing diabetic wounds
• Statin drugs reduce infection risk in stroke patients, report suggests
• Most distant oxygen ever observed
• Lacking family support, those transitioning out of foster care need financial assistance
• Unlocking secrets of immune system could help combat colitis
• Canadian forests a refuge as warming creeps north
• Natural molecule could improve Parkinson's
• Pitch range produced by vocal cords
• Mechanism for Rift Valley fever virus infection discovered
• Exercise can help adults better cope with ADHD symptoms
• Researchers discover an early warning sign of transplant rejection
• Permafrost thawing below shallow Arctic lakes
• Research may point to new ways to deliver drugs into bacteria
• Impaired decision-making may contribute to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease
• Pregnant women's high-fat, high-sugar diets may affect future generations
• Lab-grown nerve cells make heart cells throb
• Summer session fruit fly data leads to promising new target in colorectal cancer
• How fat becomes lethal, even without weight gain
• New procedure allows long-term culturing of adult stem cells
• A single species of gut bacteria can reverse autism-related social behavior in mice
• Life as we know it most likely arose via 'long, slow dance'
• Need to remember something? Exercise four hours later!
• Vitamin D may not be the great solution to health problems
• Innovative approach makes for a smoother ride
• Diverting redirection spam
• Study underscores ongoing need for HIV safety net program
• Climate scientists are more credible when they practice what they preach
• Eye-tracking system uses ordinary cellphone camera
• Extent of resection associated with likelihood of survival in glioblastoma
• New research casts doubt over tale of famous Brontë dress
• Cause of heart arrhythmia in adult muscular dystrophy clarified
• Key compound for high-temperature superconductivity has been found
• Legions of immune cells in the lung keep Legionella at bay
• New 'GreenWeb' tools aim to create an energy-efficient web
• Tadpoles hatch in seconds to escape predator
• Changed gut bug mix linked to C-section, antibiotics and formula lasts through baby's first year
• Device for irregular heartbeat may be more cost-effective than medication
• Scientific gains may make electronic nose the next everyday device
• How older people learn
• New insights into California electricity crisis may help prevent future crises
• Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers
• Challenger disaster: How do hydrogen droplets behave when hydrogen-oxygen aerosol mixtures burn?
• 700-year-old West African soil technique could help mitigate climate change
• 7-day doctors cut weekend emergency hospital visits by 18 percent, study finds
• Liquid crystals open new route to planar optical elements
• Color vision helps birds find good food and the right partner
• Survival of the fittest sperm: How new technology may help infertile couples
• Absent investments, 200 million children may not reach their potential, experts say
• Researchers find potential key to preventing heart attacks, strokes in older adults
• With spiraling light, x-ray laser offers new glimpses of molecules
• CaSSIS sends first image of Mars
• African subterranean animal exhibits 'extraordinary' cancer resistance
• Cancer-preventing protein finds its own way in our DNA
• Women's long work hours linked to alarming increases in cancer, heart disease
• Pre and post testing show reversal of memory loss from Alzheimer's disease in 10 patients
• Let there be light: Engineer discovers light can stamp out defects in semiconductors for better solar panels and LED bulbs
• ‘Map’ of teenage brain provides strong evidence of link between serious antisocial behavior and brain development
• Functional traits of Giant Sequoia crown leaves respond to environmental threats
• Super-resolution microscopy reveals unprecedented detail of immune cells' surface

Innovative device allows 3-D imaging of the breast with less radiation Posted: 16 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT Adding a new device to an existing breast molecular imaging system allows the system to get six times better contrast of cancer lesions in the breast, providing the same or better image quality while also potentially reducing the radiation dose to the patient by half. The device may also allow for 3-D molecular breast images at higher resolution than current 2-D scans in a format that may be used alongside 3-D digital mammography.

Electric fields weaker in slow-healing diabetic wounds Posted: 16 Jun 2016 01:59 PM PDT People with diabetes often suffer from wounds that are slow to heal and can lead to ulcers, gangrene and amputation. New research from an international group shows that, in mouse models of diabetes, slow healing is associated with weaker electrical currents in wounds. The results could ultimately open up new approaches for managing diabetic patients.

Statin drugs reduce infection risk in stroke patients, report suggests Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:13 PM PDT Statin drugs can dramatically lower the risk of infections in stroke patients, report researchers. Patients on statins upon admission to hospital, or early in their stay, had significantly lower risk for developing infections than those put on statins later in their hospitalization or not at all. These findings remained strong after being controlled for other possible influences like the severity of strokes, age and the presence of other conditions like diabetes.

Most distant oxygen ever observed Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:13 PM PDT A team of astronomers has used the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) to detect glowing oxygen in a distant galaxy seen just 700 million years after the Big Bang. This is the most distant galaxy in which oxygen has ever been unambiguously detected, and it is most likely being ionized by powerful radiation from young giant stars. This galaxy could be an example of one type of source responsible for cosmic reionization in the early history of the Universe.

Lacking family support, those transitioning out of foster care need financial assistance Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:13 PM PDT Every year, more than 23,000 youth leave foster care after turning 18 and begin adulthood. Unlike their peers who can depend on family who serve as support systems, those coming out of foster care have to be more self-sufficient and often face elevated risks of homelessness and poverty. A new article says youth in foster care need not only financial education but guidance as they grow their experience obtaining and managing money to successfully navigate the path to adulthood.

Unlocking secrets of immune system could help combat colitis Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:12 PM PDT Researchers have unlocked secrets of our ancient immune system, a major scientific advance which could help scientists and clinicians in the global fight against disease, they say.

Canadian forests a refuge as warming creeps north Posted: 16 Jun 2016 12:07 PM PDT Boreal forests in far-northern latitudes may one day act as a climate refuge for black spruce, the foundational tree for the northwoods ecosystem -- a major source of the world's paper; home to caribou, snowshoe hare, lynx, and sable; and nesting site for dozens of migratory bird species, say researchers.

Natural molecule could improve Parkinson's Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:16 AM PDT A natural molecule shows benefit in a preliminary clinical trial for Parkinson's Disease, report scientists. Current treatments for Parkinson's disease are generally limited to temporarily replacing dopamine in the brain as well as some medications designed to slow the progression of the disease process.

Pitch range produced by vocal cords Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:16 AM PDT Vocal cords are able to produce a wide range of sound frequencies because of the larynx's ability to stretch vocal cords and the cords' molecular composition, report researchers.

Mechanism for Rift Valley fever virus infection discovered Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT Viruses can't live without us -- literally. As obligate parasites, viruses need a host cell to survive. Scientists are exploiting this characteristic by developing therapeutics that close off pathways necessary for viral infection, essentially stopping pathogens in their tracks. Rift Valley fever virus and other bunyaviruses may soon be added to the list of viruses denied access to a human host. Researchers have now discovered a mechanism by which RVFV hijacks the host machinery to cause infection.

Exercise can help adults better cope with ADHD symptoms Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT Exercise, even a small amount, can help alleviate symptoms of ADHD in adults, according to a new study. About 6 percent of American adults report symptoms consistent with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, which lead to anxiety, depression, low energy and motivation, poor performance at work or school and also increased traffic accidents.

Researchers discover an early warning sign of transplant rejection Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT A new study has identified a protein that could diagnose chronic graft-versus-host disease, a serious, long-term complication that affects some patients after a blood and bone marrow transplant.

Permafrost thawing below shallow Arctic lakes Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT Permafrost below shallow Arctic lakes is thawing as a result of changing winter climate, new research shows. These rates of warming are similar to those observed in terrestrial permafrost, yet those soils are still well below freezing and thaw is not expected for at least another 70 years. However, a regime shift in lake ice is leading to sub-lake permafrost thaw now.

Research may point to new ways to deliver drugs into bacteria Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT An exhaustive look at how bacteria hold their ground and avoid getting pushed around by their environment shows how dozens of genes aid the essential job of protecting cells from popping when tensions run high.

Impaired decision-making may contribute to motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT People with Parkinson's disease have a form of impaired decision-making that may be a major contributor to the movement problems that characterize the disease. This finding suggests that the neurological factors underlying Parkinson's, which currently affects nearly 1 million people in the United States, may be more complex than commonly believed.

Pregnant women's high-fat, high-sugar diets may affect future generations Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:13 AM PDT A pregnant woman's high-fat, high-sugar diet may have consequences for later generations, a mouse study indicates. The study suggests that a woman's obesity can cause genetic abnormalities that are passed through the female bloodline to at least three subsequent generations, increasing the risk of obesity-related conditions.

Lab-grown nerve cells make heart cells throb Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT Researchers report that a type of lab-grown human nerve cells can partner with heart muscle cells to stimulate contractions. Because the heart-thumping nerve cells were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells, the researchers believe the cells -- known as sympathetic nerve cells -- will allow them to grow nerve cells that replicate nervous system diseases in particular patients' diseases.

Summer session fruit fly data leads to promising new target in colorectal cancer Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT The role of TIP60 (alongside previously known CDK8) in allowing human colorectal cancer cells to survive at the oxygen-poor centers of tumors is now better understood, thanks to new research.

How fat becomes lethal, even without weight gain Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT New research now adds to evidence that other tissues can step in to make glucose when the liver's ability is impaired, and that the breakdown of fats in the liver is essential to protect it from a lethal onslaught of fat. The new research findings, from studies in mice, are likely to help researchers better understand a growing class of often-deadly metabolic diseases, which affect how the body processes nutrients.

New procedure allows long-term culturing of adult stem cells Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT A new procedure may revolutionize the culturing of adult stem cells. The approach has successfully generated and expanded airway stem cells from the sorts of samples collected during routine treatment of lung disorders and may be applicable to several other tissue types, including skin and the linings of the gastrointestinal and reproductive tracts.

A single species of gut bacteria can reverse autism-related social behavior in mice Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT The absence of a one specific species of gut bacteria causes social deficits in mice, researchers report. By adding this bacteria species back to the guts of affected mice, the researchers were able to reverse some of their behavioral deficits, which are reminiscent of symptoms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in humans. The investigators are now looking to explore the effects of probiotics on neurodevelopmental disorders in future work.

Life as we know it most likely arose via 'long, slow dance' Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT The first eukaryote is thought to have arisen when simpler archaea and bacteria joined forces. But researchers now propose that new genomic evidence derived from a deep-sea vent on the ocean floor suggests that the molecular machinery essential to eukaryotic life was probably borrowed, little by little over time, from those simpler ancestors.

Need to remember something? Exercise four hours later! Posted: 16 Jun 2016 11:07 AM PDT A new study suggests an intriguing strategy to boost memory for what you've just learned: hit the gym four hours later. The findings show that physical exercise after learning improves memory and memory traces, but only if the exercise is done in a specific time window and not immediately after learning.

Vitamin D may not be the great solution to health problems Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new review examines the evidence for 10 common beliefs about vitamin D. The beliefs range from the ability of vitamin D to reduce falls and fractures, improve depression and mental well-being, prevent rheumatoid arthritis, treat Multiple Sclerosis, and lessen incidences of cancer and mortality. The review finds little evidence though that supplementation with this vitamin has much of an effect at all.

Innovative approach makes for a smoother ride Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT Moving through water can be a drag, but the use of supercavitation bubbles can reduce that drag and increase the speed of underwater vehicles. Sometimes these bubbles produce a bumpy ride, but now a team of engineers has an approach that smooths out the ride and stabilizes the bubble.

Diverting redirection spam Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT Web browsers might soon use fuzzy logic to spot redirection spam and save users from being scammed, phished or opening malicious sites unwittingly, according to researchers.

Study underscores ongoing need for HIV safety net program Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT A new study of insurance coverage of more than 28,000 people with HIV concludes that a decades-old program that offers free medical care remains a critical necessity despite the availability of coverage under the Affordable Care Act.

Climate scientists are more credible when they practice what they preach Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT Americans are more likely to follow advice about personal energy use from climate scientists who minimize their own carbon footprint, according to new research. Scientists used two large online surveys to determine that scientists should practice what they preach if they want their advice on reducing energy use to have greater credibility.

Eye-tracking system uses ordinary cellphone camera Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT For the past 40 years, eye-tracking technology -- which can determine where in a visual scene people are directing their gaze -- has been widely used in psychological experiments and marketing research, but it's required pricey hardware that has kept it from finding consumer applications. Researchers now hope to change that, with software that can turn any smartphone into an eye-tracking device.

Extent of resection associated with likelihood of survival in glioblastoma Posted: 16 Jun 2016 09:05 AM PDT The extent of resection in patients with glioblastoma, an aggressive and often fatal brain tumor, was associated with the likelihood of survival and disease progression, according to a new study.

New research casts doubt over tale of famous Brontë dress Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:07 AM PDT Research has called into question a centuries-old story behind a dress that once belonged to one of England's most beloved novelists -- Charlotte Brontë.

Cause of heart arrhythmia in adult muscular dystrophy clarified Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT The cause of heart arrhythmia in myotonic dystrophy was RNA abnormalities in the sodium channel in the heart, clarifying the symptom's mechanism, an international joint research group found. This finding will be helpful in prevention and early intervention of death in this disease, leading to the development of new treatment.

Key compound for high-temperature superconductivity has been found Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT A new compound H5S2 that shows a new superconductivity phase on computer simulation, scientists have found. Further theoretical and experimental research based on H5S2 predicted by this group will lead to the clarification of the mechanism behind high-temperature superconductivity, which takes place in hydrogen sulfide .

Legions of immune cells in the lung keep Legionella at bay Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT A team of specialist researchers believe they have found a major response that helps keep the Legionella infection at bay. Legionella pneumophila is the bacterium that causes legionnaire's disease. The bacterium preferentially grows within pond amoebae, but can 'accidentally' cause serious lung infections in susceptible humans.

New 'GreenWeb' tools aim to create an energy-efficient web Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Researchers have developed a new, open-source computer programming framework that could make the web significantly more energy efficient,

Tadpoles hatch in seconds to escape predator Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Although red-eyed tree frog embryos appear helpless within their jelly-coated eggs, they can hatch up to two days ahead of schedule, reacting within seconds to attacks by egg thieves.

Changed gut bug mix linked to C-section, antibiotics and formula lasts through baby's first year Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Birth by C-section, exposure to antibiotics and formula feeding slow the development and decrease the diversity of a baby's microbes through the first year of life, new research indicates.

Device for irregular heartbeat may be more cost-effective than medication Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT A new study may support the use of a device for patients suffering from irregular heart rhythms. The Watchman is a catheter-delivered device that is permanently implanted in the opening of the left atrial appendage (LAA), a small appendage of tissue that projects off one of the upper chambers of the heart.

Scientific gains may make electronic nose the next everyday device Posted: 16 Jun 2016 08:02 AM PDT Researchers are working to develop an affordable electronic nose that can be used in breath analysis for a wide range of health diagnosis.

How older people learn Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT As a person ages, perception declines, accompanied by augmented brain activity. Learning and training may ameliorate age-related degradation of perception, but age-related brain changes cannot be undone. Rather, brain activity is enhanced even further, but for other reasons and with different outcomes.

New insights into California electricity crisis may help prevent future crises Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Between 2000 and 2001, California experienced the biggest electricity crisis in the US since World War II. Exactly how it happened, however, is complex. New research now reveals insights into the market dynamics at play, potentially helping regulators standardize the market and prevent future crises.

Stem cell transplant from young to old can heal stomach ulcers Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT Basic and translational research paves the way for breakthroughs that can ultimately change patient care. Three new studies provide a glimpse into future treatment strategies for stomach ulcers, inflammatory bowel disease and alcoholic liver disease.

Challenger disaster: How do hydrogen droplets behave when hydrogen-oxygen aerosol mixtures burn? Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT In the framework of research motivated by the Challenger disaster a team of researchers have pursued all possible mechanisms of igniting explosions of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen mixtures in similar situations. Their analysis revealed new mechanisms, which, in turn, required seeking a deeper understanding of the way hydrogen droplets burn within these mixtures.

700-year-old West African soil technique could help mitigate climate change Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:59 AM PDT A 700-year-old fertile soil technique could mitigate climate change and revolutionize farming across Africa, say researchers. They discovered that the ancient West African method of adding charcoal and kitchen waste to highly weathered, nutrient poor tropical soils can transform the land into enduringly fertile, carbon-rich black soils which the researchers dub 'African Dark Earths'.

7-day doctors cut weekend emergency hospital visits by 18 percent, study finds Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:58 AM PDT The UK government's pilot of seven-day opening of doctor surgeries has significantly reduced weekend emergency hospital visits, hospital admissions and ambulance call-outs, new research has found.

Liquid crystals open new route to planar optical elements Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Researchers have developed a technology to control the light wavefront reflected from a cholesteric liquid crystal -- a liquid crystal phase with a helical structure. Although known for their ability to Bragg-reflect light, cholesteric liquid crystals could only be used as flat mirrors, reflecting light at the same angle as the incident angle. The new technology enables planar optical components to be made with functionality by design, contributing to the miniaturization of catoptrics devices.

Color vision helps birds find good food and the right partner Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT New research shows that in almost any lighting conditions, color vision is crucial for chickens -- and probably other birds as well -- in order to find good food that is ripe to eat and identify high quality partners to mate with.

Survival of the fittest sperm: How new technology may help infertile couples Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Of the millions of sperm that enter the vagina, only about 10 make it to the egg, demonstrating how rigorous the natural sperm selection process really is. So how is it possible to select only the best sperm for assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization? That's what a researcher is aiming to do with a new device that can quickly, easily and cost effectively select the healthiest sperm without causing DNA damage.

Absent investments, 200 million children may not reach their potential, experts say Posted: 16 Jun 2016 07:57 AM PDT Thirty-one academic experts in children's health argue that absent urgent action by international aid agencies, 200 million children around the world could sustain serious, lifelong cognitive impairment. A new article makes the case that global policy lags behind the science of brain health, and children must be given the opportunity not just to survive, but thrive.

Researchers find potential key to preventing heart attacks, strokes in older adults Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:23 AM PDT Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), a protein that is naturally found in high levels among adolescents, can help prevent arteries from clogging, researchers have discovered. They say that increasing atherosclerosis patients' levels of the protein could reduce the amount of plaque buildup in their arteries, lowering their risk of heart disease.

With spiraling light, x-ray laser offers new glimpses of molecules Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:23 AM PDT A new device allows researchers to explore the properties and dynamics of molecules with circularly polarized, or spiraling, light.

CaSSIS sends first image of Mars Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:22 AM PDT The Mars Camera CaSSIS on the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter captured its first images of the Red Planet this week. The pictures are a part of the mission's preparations for arriving at its destination in October. CaSSIS (Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System) was launched with the European Space Agency's ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) in March and has already traveled just under half of its nearly 500 million km journey.

African subterranean animal exhibits 'extraordinary' cancer resistance Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:21 AM PDT Naked mole-rats (NMR) are the longest-living rodent species and exhibit extraordinary resistance to cancer. A research team has now found the induced pluripotent stem cells derived from NMR to be non-tumorigenic, shedding new light on their unique anti-cancer mechanism at the molecular level.

Cancer-preventing protein finds its own way in our DNA Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT Tumor protein TP53 knows exactly where to bind to our DNA to prevent cancer, geneticists have demonstrated. Once bound to this specific DNA sequence, the protein can activate the right genes to repair damaged cells, the researchers report.

Women's long work hours linked to alarming increases in cancer, heart disease Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT Women who put in long hours for the bulk of their careers may pay a steep price: life-threatening illnesses, including heart disease and cancer. Work weeks that averaged 60 hours or more over three decades appear to triple the risk of diabetes, cancer, heart trouble and arthritis for women, according to new research.

Pre and post testing show reversal of memory loss from Alzheimer's disease in 10 patients Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT A small trial of 10 patients using a personalized systems approach to memory disorders shows an unprecedented reversal of memory loss in those diagnosed with early stage Alzheimers. Pre and post results are based on quantitative MRI and neuropsychological testing. The study is based on a protocol dubbed 'metabolic enhancement for neurodegeneration.'

Let there be light: Engineer discovers light can stamp out defects in semiconductors for better solar panels and LED bulbs Posted: 16 Jun 2016 04:19 AM PDT A new theory has been developed that suggests that adding light during the manufacturing of semiconductors can reduce defects and potentially make more efficient solar cells or brighter LEDs.

‘Map’ of teenage brain provides strong evidence of link between serious antisocial behavior and brain development Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT The brains of teenagers with serious antisocial behavior problems differ significantly in structure to those of their peers, providing the clearest evidence to date that their behavior stems from changes in brain development in early life, according to new research.

Functional traits of Giant Sequoia crown leaves respond to environmental threats Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT As many as 2 billion leaves on a sequoia vie for resources. Established leaves that live for up to 20 years draw water up the tree's trunk and send nutrients down, while the trunk amasses wood and survives for thousands of years. The giant sequoia's size is possible in part because its leaves are responsive to environmental changes. Under changing conditions, will giant sequoia groves and other old-growth conifer forests be at heightened risk of degradation?

Super-resolution microscopy reveals unprecedented detail of immune cells' surface Posted: 15 Jun 2016 05:31 PM PDT Scientists show how T-cell receptors reposition during an immune response, revealing more on how the immune system is regulated.

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