ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Imaging the effects of hunger on the brain's response to food cues
• What vitamins, nutrients will help prevent glaucoma from worsening?
• Researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed, but with strong animal protections
• Response to common schizophrenia, bipolar treatment dictated by gene type
• Corydalis yanhusuo extract for use as an adjunct medicine for low to moderate chronic pain
• Is it safe to get up close and personal with food allergy triggers?
• Costs of US prescription opioid epidemic estimated at $78. 5 billion
• Researchers find proliferating cells in normal, diseased corneal endothelium
• To image or not?
• Mucosa forms special immunological memory
• Clinical trial offers hope to restore limb function in man with complete cervical spinal cord injury
• A faster, better way to detect salmonella in meat, chicken
• MRI guidance shows promise in delivering stem cell therapies
• Predicting the severity of multiple sclerosis
• Researchers lay foundation for innovative treatment of multiple sclerosis
• New analysis explores the geographical origins of the flu
• Half of kids in American families studied spend time in households with firearms
• Children are unaware of the risks of approaching frightened dogs
• A bad bite is associated with worse postural, balance control
• Decelerated protein synthesis, degradation in a worm with doubled lifespan
• High factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33%
• How our brain slows down the effects of aging
• More difficult to achieve controlled drinking than to give up alcohol entirely
• Scientists discover missing link in septic shock
• New sensor technology could speed up blood test analysis
• Omega-3, omega-6 supplement improves reading for children
• Metformin influences nitrogen and urea metabolism
• Brain cancer and leukemia: New molecular mechanisms decoded
• Conclusions about the effects of electronic cigarettes remain the same
• UK Biobank study suggests genes and environment interact to increase risk of obesity
• How 'super aging' older adults retain youthful memory abilities
• ATR inhibitors show a positive response in two animal models
• Anti-tumor immunity identified with new ovarian cancer treatment strategy
• Five ways to tackle the reproducibility crisis in biomedical research

Imaging the effects of hunger on the brain's response to food cues Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:32 PM PDT Our brain pays more attention to food when we are hungry than when we are sated. Now a team of scientists has shed light on how the needs of the body affect the way the brain processes visual food cues. In two newly-published studies, the researchers examined – with unprecedented resolution – the brain circuits responsible for the differences in the way the brain responds to visual food cues during hunger versus satiety.

What vitamins, nutrients will help prevent glaucoma from worsening? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:32 PM PDT A healthy lifestyle, consisting of balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and appropriate rest is an important part of your overall health and well-being and can help prevent illness too. A recent study specifically suggests that diet that includes plenty of green, leafy vegetables may lower the risk of glaucoma.

Researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed, but with strong animal protections Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:20 AM PDT A researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed – but only with strong animal protections in place. So-called "chimera" research raises the hope of producing human organs in genetically modified large animals, such as pigs and sheep, offering a potential solution to the persistent shortage of human organs for transplantation.

Response to common schizophrenia, bipolar treatment dictated by gene type Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT A mood-stabilizing drug prescribed to many patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder may decrease negative symptoms for people with a certain variant of the COMT gene, say researchers.

Corydalis yanhusuo extract for use as an adjunct medicine for low to moderate chronic pain Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT Root extracts from the flowering herbal plant Corydalis yanhusuo, or YHS, has widely used for centuries as a pain treatment. Yet few studies have investigated how it works on different forms of pain, and little is known about its molecular mechanisms. In a new study, researchers show how YHS effectively treats different forms of pain.

Is it safe to get up close and personal with food allergy triggers? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:08 AM PDT Allergists realize people who are severely allergic to a food can experience great anxiety when encountering the food in any form. Kids, in particular, can get extremely nervous about the idea of being close to someone eating peanuts or peanut butter. Food proximity challenges prove to most kids they can be near food allergy triggers without fear, shows new research.

Costs of US prescription opioid epidemic estimated at $78. 5 billion Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT Prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence carries high costs for American society, with an estimated total economic burden of $78.5 billion, according to a new study.

Researchers find proliferating cells in normal, diseased corneal endothelium Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have identified rapidly proliferating cells (known as "neural crest-derived progenitor cells") in the corneal endothelium of specimens from normal corneas and from corneas with Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD), a condition in which the cells responsible for keeping the cornea clear die prematurely — often leading to blindness. The findings hold promise for new therapies to be developed using the proliferating cells to return normal clearing abilities to the cornea in patients with FECD.

To image or not? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT A Library of Evidence has now been launched, a free, publicly accessible online resource to help clinicians choose the most appropriate imaging tests based on the best available research evidence. The resource is designed to avert unnecessary imaging and contain rising health care costs associated with this practice. The Library debuts on the eve of a new federal law that mandates the use of evidence-based decision-support systems by clinicians caring for federally insured patients. Over time, the Library will expand to include other domains of clinical decision-making, such as choosing appropriate medications or ordering other tests and procedures.

Mucosa forms special immunological memory Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:56 AM PDT If a vaccine is to protect the intestines and other mucous membranes in the body, it also needs to be given through the mucosa, for example as a nasal spray or a liquid that is drunk. The mucosa forms a unique immunological antibody memory that does not occur if the vaccine is given by injection, a new study shows.

Clinical trial offers hope to restore limb function in man with complete cervical spinal cord injury Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Physicians have injected AST-OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells), an experimental treatment, into the damaged cervical spine of a recently paralyzed man as part of a multicenter clinical trial.

A faster, better way to detect salmonella in meat, chicken Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Salmonella is the lauding cause of bacteria-associated foodborne illnesses in the United States, according to a study. Thus, early detection of the pathogen, by a rapid and sensitive test is important to prevent the illness.

MRI guidance shows promise in delivering stem cell therapies Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Working with animals, a team of scientists reports it has delivered stem cells to the brain with unprecedented precision by threading a catheter through an artery and infusing the cells under real-time MRI guidance.

Predicting the severity of multiple sclerosis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Cells in the immune system of patients with multiple sclerosis behave differently from those of healthy individuals. Researchers have exploited this difference to develop a method that can predict disease activity in multiple sclerosis.

Researchers lay foundation for innovative treatment of multiple sclerosis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Inhibition of the protein kinase CK2 prevents the development of auto-aggressive T cells, say multiple sclerosis researchers. Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.

New analysis explores the geographical origins of the flu Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT A computer model shows that small increases in transmission rates of the seasonal influenza A virus (H3N2) can lead to rapid evolution of new strains that spread globally through human populations.

Half of kids in American families studied spend time in households with firearms Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT About half of the children whose parents were surveyed in the United States spend time in homes that have firearms, a study of shows. However, few reported talking about gun safety with their children's pediatricians, say the researchers.

Children are unaware of the risks of approaching frightened dogs Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT Children understand the risks of approaching an angry dog but they are unaware that they should show the same caution around frightened dogs, new research suggests.

A bad bite is associated with worse postural, balance control Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:04 AM PDT In recent years there has been increasing medical interest in correcting teeth that do not touch perfectly in order to prevent problems such as jaw pain, gaps between teeth and crowding. Now, a new study has concluded that dental occlusion is also related to the control of posture and balance.

Decelerated protein synthesis, degradation in a worm with doubled lifespan Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT The gradual accumulation of damage to all kinds of molecules in the cell is often considered as the primary cause of aging. This escalating damage could cause the progressive failure of cell processes, finally leading to deterioration and death. Increased degradation of damaged proteins and replacement by resynthesized proteins, referred to as protein turnover, could minimize this escalating protein damage, therefore slowing down the aging process.

High factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33% Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT Using high factor sunscreen compared with low factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33%, new research demonstrates. Melanoma is the cancer with the strongest increase in incidence in the last decade.

How our brain slows down the effects of aging Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT The older we get, the more difficult it becomes to put the world around us in order. Yet, our brain develops remarkable strategies to slow down the effects of aging.

More difficult to achieve controlled drinking than to give up alcohol entirely Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT People who are seeking treatment for alcohol dependence and whose goal is to quit drinking entirely are more likely to achieve this goal if they are treated by a care provider who advocates total abstinence. Those who wish to learn to drink in moderation are not as successful, even when they are treated by a care provider who works with controlled consumption.

Scientists discover missing link in septic shock Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT An important mechanism of sepsis, an overreaction of the body's immune system to an infection, has been revealed by researchers. In this condition, the brain is unable to curb an inflammatory response, causing organ failure or 'septic shock'. This scenario is the most frequent cause of death in intensive care units. As it turns out, information about infections is passed to our brain via extracellular vesicles, small particles in brain fluid, researchers say, adding that the discovery might give rise to new strategies to treat sepsis and even other inflammatory conditions.

New sensor technology could speed up blood test analysis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT A new sensor has been developed that is capable of detecting multiple proteins and enzymes in a small volume of blood, which could significantly speed up diagnostic healthcare processes.

Omega-3, omega-6 supplement improves reading for children Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT Supplement of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may improve reading skills of mainstream schoolchildren, according to a new study. Children with attention problems, in particular, may be helped in their reading with the addition of these fatty acids.

Metformin influences nitrogen and urea metabolism Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT The most frequently prescribed oral antidiabetic drug metformin significantly affects metabolic pathways, report scientists. Metformin is a widespread oral medication to increase insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). According to a number of studies, it additionally reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.

Brain cancer and leukemia: New molecular mechanisms decoded Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:57 AM PDT New molecular causes of brain cancer and leukemia have been revealed by new research. This research provided insight into the effect of mutations of enzymes involved in the development of these cancers and potentially consider a personalized treatment to improve the therapeutic response.

Conclusions about the effects of electronic cigarettes remain the same Posted: 13 Sep 2016 03:50 PM PDT An independent, rigorous assessment of the best available evidence to date about electronic cigarettes for quitting smoking has been released by researchers.

UK Biobank study suggests genes and environment interact to increase risk of obesity Posted: 13 Sep 2016 03:49 PM PDT New research shows that environmental and lifestyle factors have greatest effects on obesity in those who also carry the most obesity genes.

How 'super aging' older adults retain youthful memory abilities Posted: 13 Sep 2016 02:33 PM PDT Some loss of memory is often considered an inevitable part of aging, but new research reveals how some people appear to escape that fate.

ATR inhibitors show a positive response in two animal models Posted: 13 Sep 2016 12:05 PM PDT Tumors are groups of cells that divide without control, accumulating multiple chromosomal and DNA mutations. These alterations are triggered in part by replicative stress. To survive, tumor cells need the intervention of the damage response protein ATR, known for its role as guardian of genome integrity, to which they become addicted. After eight years of work, a team has discovered that blocking this protein has anti-tumor effects in several animal models of cancer.

Anti-tumor immunity identified with new ovarian cancer treatment strategy Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT New research demonstrates how a drug already in clinical trials could be used to boost anti-tumor immunity and cause T-cells to target the cancer directly while minimizing side effects.

Five ways to tackle the reproducibility crisis in biomedical research Posted: 13 Sep 2016 09:45 AM PDT Scientists are discussing the chasm between biomedical scientists' astounding preclinical success and the meager clinical translatability. They also suggest ways that researchers can improve and standardize experiments so that the joy of exciting results can come with a rigorous scientific story.

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