ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Women, minorities may be undertreated for stroke
• New optofluidic platform features tunable optics and novel 'lightvalves'
• Imaging the effects of hunger on the brain's response to food cues
• What vitamins, nutrients will help prevent glaucoma from worsening?
• X-ray detection sheds new light on Pluto
• Researchers identify oldest textile dyed indigo, reflecting scientific knowledge from 6,200 years ago
• Pluto 'paints' its largest moon red
• Larger marine animals at higher risk of extinction, and humans are to blame
• Birds choose spring neighbors based on winter ‘friendships’
• Pigeon flock members can 'overrule' incompetent leaders
• Big pixel initiative develops remote sensing analysis to help map global urbanization
• Researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed, but with strong animal protections
• Tropical crow species is highly skilled tool user
• Whales might be hidden, but these new buoys can help find them
• New discovery shatters previous beliefs about Earth’s origin
• Response to common schizophrenia, bipolar treatment dictated by gene type
• New book details South America’s surprising prehistoric mammals
• Corydalis yanhusuo extract for use as an adjunct medicine for low to moderate chronic pain
• Organic panic: Finding the right combination
• Complex materials can self-organize into circuits, may form basis for multifunction chips
• Is it safe to get up close and personal with food allergy triggers?
• Gaia maps the position of a billion stars
• New comprehensive approach in inland fisheries management
• Comprehensive study finds widespread mercury contamination across western North America
• Chemists report new insights about properties of matter at the nanoscale
• Hyperlinks to antiquity
• Protecting streams that feed Lake Erie will take much work, study finds
• Costs of US prescription opioid epidemic estimated at $78. 5 billion
• Researchers find proliferating cells in normal, diseased corneal endothelium
• To image or not?
• Mucosa forms special immunological memory
• Clinical trial offers hope to restore limb function in man with complete cervical spinal cord injury
• A faster, better way to detect salmonella in meat, chicken
• MRI guidance shows promise in delivering stem cell therapies
• All polar bears across the Arctic face shorter sea ice season
• New insights into the impacts of ocean acidification
• Predicting the severity of multiple sclerosis
• Researchers lay foundation for innovative treatment of multiple sclerosis
• New analysis explores the geographical origins of the flu
• Half of kids in American families studied spend time in households with firearms
• Children are unaware of the risks of approaching frightened dogs
• Greenhouse gas-monitoring aircraft keep tabs on the Amazon's rising methane levels
• A bad bite is associated with worse postural, balance control
• Icy giant planet growing around a nearby star
• El Niño, global warming combine to cause extreme drought in Amazon rainforest
• Lift-the-flap books may hinder kids from learning new words
• New radar system could lead to better defenses against avalanches
• Pioneering research paves the way towards exascale optical networks
• Diffraction-controlled laser-driven proton acceleration
• Decelerated protein synthesis, degradation in a worm with doubled lifespan
• Analysis of the impact of solar activity on radio signals in the atmosphere boosted by new research
• High factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33%
• How our brain slows down the effects of aging
• More difficult to achieve controlled drinking than to give up alcohol entirely
• Scientists discover missing link in septic shock
• Coastal occupation affects tropical reefs in Brazil
• New sensor technology could speed up blood test analysis
• Similar nanomaterials behave differently: Why?
• Omega-3, omega-6 supplement improves reading for children
• Metformin influences nitrogen and urea metabolism

Women, minorities may be undertreated for stroke Posted: 14 Sep 2016 02:24 PM PDT Women and minorities may be less likely to receive treatment for stroke, according to a study. For the study, the researchers looked back at more than eight years of hospital records from across the country of people with an ischemic stroke who arrived at the hospital within two hours after the start of stroke symptoms and had no documented reasons that they could not receive the treatment.

New optofluidic platform features tunable optics and novel 'lightvalves' Posted: 14 Sep 2016 01:03 PM PDT Novel technology combines high-performance microfluidics for sample processing with dynamic optical tuning and switching, all on a low-cost "chip" made of a flexible silicone material.

Imaging the effects of hunger on the brain's response to food cues Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:32 PM PDT Our brain pays more attention to food when we are hungry than when we are sated. Now a team of scientists has shed light on how the needs of the body affect the way the brain processes visual food cues. In two newly-published studies, the researchers examined – with unprecedented resolution – the brain circuits responsible for the differences in the way the brain responds to visual food cues during hunger versus satiety.

What vitamins, nutrients will help prevent glaucoma from worsening? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:32 PM PDT A healthy lifestyle, consisting of balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and appropriate rest is an important part of your overall health and well-being and can help prevent illness too. A recent study specifically suggests that diet that includes plenty of green, leafy vegetables may lower the risk of glaucoma.

X-ray detection sheds new light on Pluto Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:05 PM PDT Scientists using NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory have made the first detections of X-rays from Pluto. These observations offer new insight into the space environment surrounding the largest and best-known object in the solar system's outermost regions.

Researchers identify oldest textile dyed indigo, reflecting scientific knowledge from 6,200 years ago Posted: 14 Sep 2016 12:04 PM PDT A 6,200-year-old indigo-blue fabric from Huaca, Peru has been found by a researcher, making it one of the oldest-known cotton textiles in the world and the oldest known textile decorated with indigo blue.

Pluto 'paints' its largest moon red Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:58 AM PDT In June 2015, when the cameras on NASA's approaching New Horizons spacecraft first spotted the large reddish polar region on Pluto's largest moon, Charon, mission scientists knew two things: they'd never seen anything like it elsewhere in our solar system, and they couldn't wait to get the story behind it. Over the past year, the scientists think they've solved the mystery.

Larger marine animals at higher risk of extinction, and humans are to blame Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:43 AM PDT In today's oceans, larger-bodied marine animals are more likely to become extinct than smaller creatures, according to a new report. It's a pattern that is unprecedented in the history of life on Earth, and one that is likely driven by human fishing.

Birds choose spring neighbors based on winter ‘friendships’ Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:35 AM PDT Great tits pick their spring breeding sites to be near their winter flockmates, according to new research into the social networks of birds.

Pigeon flock members can 'overrule' incompetent leaders Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:30 AM PDT Flock leaders who attempt to give their fellow pigeons incorrect information about their direction of travel can be overruled by the collective wisdom of the group, according to new research.

Big pixel initiative develops remote sensing analysis to help map global urbanization Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:20 AM PDT Researchers are using unique tools to map urban areas around the globe, potentially revolutionizing large-scale analysis of urbanization, land use and city growth.

Researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed, but with strong animal protections Posted: 14 Sep 2016 11:20 AM PDT A researcher calls for animal-human embryo research to proceed – but only with strong animal protections in place. So-called "chimera" research raises the hope of producing human organs in genetically modified large animals, such as pigs and sheep, offering a potential solution to the persistent shortage of human organs for transplantation.

Tropical crow species is highly skilled tool user Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:59 AM PDT An international team of scientists and conservation experts has discovered that the critically-endangered Hawaiian crow is a highly proficient tool user.

Whales might be hidden, but these new buoys can help find them Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:53 AM PDT How do you find whales that dive so deep and spend so little time at the surface that some species have never been observed alive? Sometimes you just have to listen closely.

New discovery shatters previous beliefs about Earth’s origin Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:49 AM PDT A new study demonstrates that the Earth and other planetary objects formed in the early years of the Solar System share similar chemical origins -- a finding at odds with accepted wisdom held by scientists for decades.

Response to common schizophrenia, bipolar treatment dictated by gene type Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT A mood-stabilizing drug prescribed to many patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder may decrease negative symptoms for people with a certain variant of the COMT gene, say researchers.

New book details South America’s surprising prehistoric mammals Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT South America was home to a host of unique animals during the 60-some million years the continent was isolated, during most of the Cenozic Period. Details and constructions of mammals ranging from mouse-sized marsupials to elephant-size sloths, with photos of fossil remains and 15 collections sites across the continent are included in a new book.

Corydalis yanhusuo extract for use as an adjunct medicine for low to moderate chronic pain Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:48 AM PDT Root extracts from the flowering herbal plant Corydalis yanhusuo, or YHS, has widely used for centuries as a pain treatment. Yet few studies have investigated how it works on different forms of pain, and little is known about its molecular mechanisms. In a new study, researchers show how YHS effectively treats different forms of pain.

Organic panic: Finding the right combination Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:09 AM PDT Farmers have been using a mix-and-match approach to practices for growing their organic veggies. Which combination of practices was best, however, was uncertain. Recent research sheds light on long-term effects of different combinations to productivity and soil.

Complex materials can self-organize into circuits, may form basis for multifunction chips Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:09 AM PDT Researchers studying the behavior of nanoscale materials have uncovered remarkable behavior that could advance microprocessors beyond today's silicon-based chips.

Is it safe to get up close and personal with food allergy triggers? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:08 AM PDT Allergists realize people who are severely allergic to a food can experience great anxiety when encountering the food in any form. Kids, in particular, can get extremely nervous about the idea of being close to someone eating peanuts or peanut butter. Food proximity challenges prove to most kids they can be near food allergy triggers without fear, shows new research.

Gaia maps the position of a billion stars Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:07 AM PDT With one billion stars mapped in a thousand days, researchers have shown that they are not afraid to tackle the most daunting tasks. The work was carried out by 450 researchers from 25 European countries.

New comprehensive approach in inland fisheries management Posted: 14 Sep 2016 10:07 AM PDT Inland fisheries managers are increasingly using Transboundary Fisheries Science as an interdisciplinary and holistic approach for understanding and managing ecosystems across larger scales, according to a new article.

Comprehensive study finds widespread mercury contamination across western North America Posted: 14 Sep 2016 08:39 AM PDT Widespread mercury contamination has been recently documented in air, soil, sediment, plants, fish, and wildlife at various levels across Western North America.

Chemists report new insights about properties of matter at the nanoscale Posted: 14 Sep 2016 08:39 AM PDT Nanoscience researchers have determined that a fluid that behaves similarly to water in our day-to-day lives becomes as heavy as honey when trapped in a nanocage of a porous solid, offering new insights into how matter behaves in the nanoscale world.

Hyperlinks to antiquity Posted: 14 Sep 2016 08:35 AM PDT Until the 18th century, Latin annotations of well-known classical texts were an important source of scientific knowledge, but over the course of time the texts lost their authority. Now a classical scholar re-examines the annotations of Virgil's Aeneid.

Protecting streams that feed Lake Erie will take much work, study finds Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT While current efforts to curtail agricultural runoff will improve the health of Lake Erie, much more work will be needed to protect the streams that feed the lake, new research shows.

Costs of US prescription opioid epidemic estimated at $78. 5 billion Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT Prescription opioid overdose, abuse, and dependence carries high costs for American society, with an estimated total economic burden of $78.5 billion, according to a new study.

Researchers find proliferating cells in normal, diseased corneal endothelium Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT For the first time, researchers have identified rapidly proliferating cells (known as "neural crest-derived progenitor cells") in the corneal endothelium of specimens from normal corneas and from corneas with Fuchs' Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (FECD), a condition in which the cells responsible for keeping the cornea clear die prematurely — often leading to blindness. The findings hold promise for new therapies to be developed using the proliferating cells to return normal clearing abilities to the cornea in patients with FECD.

To image or not? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:57 AM PDT A Library of Evidence has now been launched, a free, publicly accessible online resource to help clinicians choose the most appropriate imaging tests based on the best available research evidence. The resource is designed to avert unnecessary imaging and contain rising health care costs associated with this practice. The Library debuts on the eve of a new federal law that mandates the use of evidence-based decision-support systems by clinicians caring for federally insured patients. Over time, the Library will expand to include other domains of clinical decision-making, such as choosing appropriate medications or ordering other tests and procedures.

Mucosa forms special immunological memory Posted: 14 Sep 2016 07:56 AM PDT If a vaccine is to protect the intestines and other mucous membranes in the body, it also needs to be given through the mucosa, for example as a nasal spray or a liquid that is drunk. The mucosa forms a unique immunological antibody memory that does not occur if the vaccine is given by injection, a new study shows.

Clinical trial offers hope to restore limb function in man with complete cervical spinal cord injury Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Physicians have injected AST-OPC1 (oligodendrocyte progenitor cells), an experimental treatment, into the damaged cervical spine of a recently paralyzed man as part of a multicenter clinical trial.

A faster, better way to detect salmonella in meat, chicken Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Salmonella is the lauding cause of bacteria-associated foodborne illnesses in the United States, according to a study. Thus, early detection of the pathogen, by a rapid and sensitive test is important to prevent the illness.

MRI guidance shows promise in delivering stem cell therapies Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT Working with animals, a team of scientists reports it has delivered stem cells to the brain with unprecedented precision by threading a catheter through an artery and infusing the cells under real-time MRI guidance.

All polar bears across the Arctic face shorter sea ice season Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:56 AM PDT A new study finds a trend toward earlier sea ice melt in the spring and later ice growth in the fall across all 19 polar bear populations, which can negatively impact the feeding and breeding capabilities of the bears. The paper is the first to quantify the sea ice changes in each polar bear subpopulation across the entire Arctic region using metrics that are specifically relevant to polar bear biology.

New insights into the impacts of ocean acidification Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT A new study offers clues to the potential impact of ocean acidification deep-sea, shell-forming organisms. Increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is also increasing oceanic CO2. Ocean acidification is therefore one of the most important research areas regarding the effects of elevated CO2 on deep-sea marine calcifiers and the marine ecosystem in general, say the researchers.

Predicting the severity of multiple sclerosis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Cells in the immune system of patients with multiple sclerosis behave differently from those of healthy individuals. Researchers have exploited this difference to develop a method that can predict disease activity in multiple sclerosis.

Researchers lay foundation for innovative treatment of multiple sclerosis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:54 AM PDT Inhibition of the protein kinase CK2 prevents the development of auto-aggressive T cells, say multiple sclerosis researchers. Multiple sclerosis is the most common chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system.

New analysis explores the geographical origins of the flu Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT A computer model shows that small increases in transmission rates of the seasonal influenza A virus (H3N2) can lead to rapid evolution of new strains that spread globally through human populations.

Half of kids in American families studied spend time in households with firearms Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT About half of the children whose parents were surveyed in the United States spend time in homes that have firearms, a study of shows. However, few reported talking about gun safety with their children's pediatricians, say the researchers.

Children are unaware of the risks of approaching frightened dogs Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT Children understand the risks of approaching an angry dog but they are unaware that they should show the same caution around frightened dogs, new research suggests.

Greenhouse gas-monitoring aircraft keep tabs on the Amazon's rising methane levels Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:05 AM PDT New research into Amazon wetland emissions has been published by scientists. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, second only to carbon dioxide in its contribution to global warming.

A bad bite is associated with worse postural, balance control Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:04 AM PDT In recent years there has been increasing medical interest in correcting teeth that do not touch perfectly in order to prevent problems such as jaw pain, gaps between teeth and crowding. Now, a new study has concluded that dental occlusion is also related to the control of posture and balance.

Icy giant planet growing around a nearby star Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:04 AM PDT Astronomers found signs of a growing planet around TW Hydra, a nearby young star, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Based on the distance from the central star and the distribution of tiny dust grains, the baby planet is thought to be an icy giant, similar to Uranus and Neptune in our Solar System. This result is another step towards understanding the origins of various types of planets.

El Niño, global warming combine to cause extreme drought in Amazon rainforest Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:04 AM PDT The impact the current 2015/2016 El Niño is having in Amazonia has been revealed by new research. Areas of extreme drought and changes to their typical distribution in the region are among the most evident consequences.

Lift-the-flap books may hinder kids from learning new words Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:04 AM PDT Features in non-fiction children's books such as lift-the-flap may hinder toddlers from learning new words, suggests new research.

New radar system could lead to better defenses against avalanches Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT A new radar-based imaging system with an unprecedented ability to penetrate snow-powder clouds could lead to greater avalanche protection for towns, buildings, roads and railways, say researchers.

Pioneering research paves the way towards exascale optical networks Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT In the face of increasing bandwidth demands, ground-breaking research has demonstrated solutions for network infrastructure to address the looming network capacity crunch.

Diffraction-controlled laser-driven proton acceleration Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT A targeted way to manipulate beams of protons accelerated using ultrashort and ultraintense laser pulses has been demonstrated by a team of researchers.

Decelerated protein synthesis, degradation in a worm with doubled lifespan Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT The gradual accumulation of damage to all kinds of molecules in the cell is often considered as the primary cause of aging. This escalating damage could cause the progressive failure of cell processes, finally leading to deterioration and death. Increased degradation of damaged proteins and replacement by resynthesized proteins, referred to as protein turnover, could minimize this escalating protein damage, therefore slowing down the aging process.

Analysis of the impact of solar activity on radio signals in the atmosphere boosted by new research Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT The assessment of the impact of solar activity on radio signals in the atmosphere has been boosted by a new measurement method, report scientists.

High factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33% Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT Using high factor sunscreen compared with low factor sunscreen can decrease the risk of melanoma by 33%, new research demonstrates. Melanoma is the cancer with the strongest increase in incidence in the last decade.

How our brain slows down the effects of aging Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT The older we get, the more difficult it becomes to put the world around us in order. Yet, our brain develops remarkable strategies to slow down the effects of aging.

More difficult to achieve controlled drinking than to give up alcohol entirely Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT People who are seeking treatment for alcohol dependence and whose goal is to quit drinking entirely are more likely to achieve this goal if they are treated by a care provider who advocates total abstinence. Those who wish to learn to drink in moderation are not as successful, even when they are treated by a care provider who works with controlled consumption.

Scientists discover missing link in septic shock Posted: 14 Sep 2016 06:03 AM PDT An important mechanism of sepsis, an overreaction of the body's immune system to an infection, has been revealed by researchers. In this condition, the brain is unable to curb an inflammatory response, causing organ failure or 'septic shock'. This scenario is the most frequent cause of death in intensive care units. As it turns out, information about infections is passed to our brain via extracellular vesicles, small particles in brain fluid, researchers say, adding that the discovery might give rise to new strategies to treat sepsis and even other inflammatory conditions.

Coastal occupation affects tropical reefs in Brazil Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT Researchers in Brazil warn of the negative environmental impacts of unplanned coastal occupation on tropical reefs and consequently on the conservation of marine biodiversity. Researchers state that this process has already taken place in Western Mediterranean.

New sensor technology could speed up blood test analysis Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT A new sensor has been developed that is capable of detecting multiple proteins and enzymes in a small volume of blood, which could significantly speed up diagnostic healthcare processes.

Similar nanomaterials behave differently: Why? Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT Nanotubes can be used for many things: electrical circuits, batteries, innovative fabrics and more. Scientists have noted, however, that nanotubes, whose structures appear similar, can actually exhibit different properties, with important consequences in their applications. Carbon nanotubes and boron nitride nanotubes, for example, while nearly indistinguishable in their structure, can be different when it comes to friction. A new study has created computer models of these crystals and studied their characteristics in detail and observed differences related to the material's chirality.

Omega-3, omega-6 supplement improves reading for children Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT Supplement of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids may improve reading skills of mainstream schoolchildren, according to a new study. Children with attention problems, in particular, may be helped in their reading with the addition of these fatty acids.

Metformin influences nitrogen and urea metabolism Posted: 14 Sep 2016 05:58 AM PDT The most frequently prescribed oral antidiabetic drug metformin significantly affects metabolic pathways, report scientists. Metformin is a widespread oral medication to increase insulin sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). According to a number of studies, it additionally reduces the risk of cardiovascular complications.

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