ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Light drives single-molecule nanoroadsters
• Hubble takes flight with the toucan and the cluster
• Impact of sea smell overestimated by present climate models
• The destructive effects of supercooled liquid water on airplane safety and climate models
• Physicist demonstrate existence of 'unlikely' new subatomic structure
• Graphic pictures on cigarette packs would significantly reduce smoking death rate
• Hip fracture patients fare best during recovery in high-occupancy nursing homes with higher level physician staffing
• Remote-controlled drone helps in designing future wireless networks
• Children's health, privacy at risk from digital marketing
• Genes and age determine susceptibility to Lyme disease
• Genetic mutations that lead to macular degeneration blindness mapped by new research
• Algal fat opens window to past Arctic temperatures
• Identification of gene defects helps treatment of prostate cancer
• Genetic cause for shift work fatigue discovered
• Scientists decode the genome of Chinese licorice
• Plumage evolution: Explaining the vivid colors of birds
• Herbivorous mammals have bigger bellies
• 'Collateral vessel' gene discovered that protects against stroke damage
• Insulin resistance reversed by removal of protein
• Molecular conductors help plants respond to drought
• A system for predicting scientific impact over time?
• Scientists find key protein for spinal cord repair
• Why bad genes aren't always bad news
• Soil could become a significant source of carbon dioxide
• Tuberculosis bacteria find their ecological niche
• Gene regulation: Shaping up to make the cut
• The pop-up effect: Why buoyant spheres don't always leap out of the water
• Ebola adapted to better infect humans during 2013-2016 epidemic
• High hospital profits hurt medicine, expert argues
• Liquid crystal design method could speed development of cheap chemical sensors
• Electron kaleidoscope: New technique visualizes multiple objects in many colors
• Why certain songs get stuck in your head
• Kids most likely to suffer sport-related eye injuries

Light drives single-molecule nanoroadsters Posted: 04 Nov 2016 04:15 PM PDT Scientists are driving three-wheeled, single-molecule "nanoroadsters" with light and, for the first time, seeing how they move.

Hubble takes flight with the toucan and the cluster Posted: 04 Nov 2016 04:10 PM PDT It may be famous for hosting spectacular sights such as the Tucana Dwarf Galaxy and 47 Tucanae (heic1510), the second brightest globular cluster in the night sky, but the southern constellation of Tucana (The Toucan) also possesses a variety of unsung cosmic beauties.

Impact of sea smell overestimated by present climate models Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:32 AM PDT The most comprehensive study on the atmospheric oxidation of the natural climatic gas dimethyl sulfide has been published in a new report.

The destructive effects of supercooled liquid water on airplane safety and climate models Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:25 AM PDT Exploring the properties of supercooled liquid water - the bane of airplane wings and climate theorists - investigators are mounting an expedition to fly huge tethered balloons in Alaska this coming winter, where temperatures descend to 40 degrees below zero and it's dark as a dungeon for all but a few hours of the day.

Physicist demonstrate existence of 'unlikely' new subatomic structure Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:25 AM PDT Researchers have demonstrated the existence of a tetraneutron, a subatomic structure once thought unlikely to exist.

Graphic pictures on cigarette packs would significantly reduce smoking death rate Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:24 AM PDT Using prominent, graphic pictures on cigarette packs warning against smoking could avert more than 652,000 deaths, up to 92,000 low birth weight infants, up to 145,000 preterm births, and about 1,000 cases of sudden infant deaths in the U.S. over the next 50 years, say researchers.

Hip fracture patients fare best during recovery in high-occupancy nursing homes with higher level physician staffing Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:23 AM PDT Hip fractures are a common and disabling condition that occurs more than 300,000 times each year in the United States in those 65 and older—1.6 million times worldwide. A new study, which compared outcome variations in acute and post-acute care facilities, suggests that for older adults hospitalized with hip fracture, the quality of the post-acute care they receive has a greater impact on long-term recovery than the care they received at the hospital.

Remote-controlled drone helps in designing future wireless networks Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:21 AM PDT Aerial photographs and photogrammetry together provide an accurate 3D model, which improves the prediction of the propagation of radio waves at millimetre-wave frequencies.

Children's health, privacy at risk from digital marketing Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:21 AM PDT For the first time, researchers and health experts have undertaken a comprehensive analysis of the concerning situation in the World Health Organisation European Region regarding digital marketing to children of foods high in fats, salt and sugars.

Genes and age determine susceptibility to Lyme disease Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:20 AM PDT People react very differently to an infection with the Borrelia bacterium that causes Lyme disease. Researchers have investigated this varying response, concluding that age, genetic disposition and previous Lyme infections play an important role. However, despite the large differences observed, the Borrelia bacterium has a clear effect on the immune system's energy regulation, opening up opportunities for research into better detection of Borrelia infections.

Genetic mutations that lead to macular degeneration blindness mapped by new research Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:20 AM PDT Two gene mutations that trigger a retinal disease that causes blindness in one in 5,000 males have been mapped, leading to the potential for new therapeutic treatments.

Algal fat opens window to past Arctic temperatures Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:20 AM PDT A new paper uses alkenones from the Svalbard islands and is among the first studies that present Arctic summer temperature change over the period from the end of the last Ice Age some 12,000 years ago. Its results show a large range of natural summer temperature variability and identify distinct phases of rapid change.

Identification of gene defects helps treatment of prostate cancer Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:19 AM PDT The current method of treating prostate cancer involves identifying gene defects, which could help with the diagnosis of cancer and the development of individualized cancer treatments for patients. Researchers are studying the molecular biology of prostate cancer; the goal is to obtain a holistic picture of the disease's mechanisms and use those mechanisms as a basis for developing new treatments.

Genetic cause for shift work fatigue discovered Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:18 AM PDT Some people adapt easily to shift work, but not everyone can handle constant disruptions to their daily rhythm. Researchers have now found that a melatonin receptor gene influences tolerance to shift work.

Scientists decode the genome of Chinese licorice Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:18 AM PDT A group of scientists has decoded the genome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, or Chinese licorice, a plant that is important for its use in Chinese medicine and as a natural sweetener.

Plumage evolution: Explaining the vivid colors of birds Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:18 AM PDT Tropical birds are well known for their colorful appearance: vibrantly colored macaws, parakeets and parrots are widely considered to be the quintessential birds of this region. The popularity of these birds leads many to assume that tropical climates are home to a greater proportion of colorful birds than temperate climates. But do birds evolve to become more colorful when they move to the tropics? New research provides insight into plumage evolution.

Herbivorous mammals have bigger bellies Posted: 04 Nov 2016 07:18 AM PDT Herbivorous mammals have bigger bellies than their usually slim carnivorous counterparts, an international study based on 3D reconstructions of animal skeletons reveals for the first time. In dinosaurs, however, there is no notable difference between carnivores and herbivores.

'Collateral vessel' gene discovered that protects against stroke damage Posted: 03 Nov 2016 01:22 PM PDT During stroke or heart attack, tissue damage can be limited because "collateral" vessels connect the tissue to other arteries. Collateral vessels can vary greatly in size and number from one person to the next. Scientists have now implicated the Rabep2 gene as a major contributor to variation.

Insulin resistance reversed by removal of protein Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:34 AM PDT By removing the protein galectin-3 (Gal3), a team of investigators was able to reverse diabetic insulin resistance and glucose intolerance in mouse models of obesity and diabetes.

Molecular conductors help plants respond to drought Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:25 AM PDT We can tell when plants need water: their leaves droop and they start to look dry. But what's happening on a molecular level? Scientists have made a leap forward in answering that question, which could be critical to helping agriculture adapt to drought and other climate-related stressors.

A system for predicting scientific impact over time? Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:24 AM PDT The impact a scientist will have in their lifetime is distributed randomly over the sequence of studies they publish, according to a new study. This phenomenon can be described by a simple model in which a scientist's impact is a function of factors including productivity and ability, the study shows.

Scientists find key protein for spinal cord repair Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:23 AM PDT A freshwater zebrafish costs less than two bucks at the pet store, but it can do something priceless: Its spinal cord can heal completely after being severed, a paralyzing and often fatal injury for humans. While watching these fish repair their own spinal cord injuries, scientists have found a particular protein important for the process.

Why bad genes aren't always bad news Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:22 AM PDT A new study paves the way for understanding how some people stay healthy despite having disease-causing mutations.

Soil could become a significant source of carbon dioxide Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:22 AM PDT If people continue using and changing the land over the next century in the same way they currently do, soils will have limited potential to counter the effect of climate change and will become a net source of atmospheric carbon dioxide, experts have warned.

Tuberculosis bacteria find their ecological niche Posted: 03 Nov 2016 11:14 AM PDT An international team of researchers has isolated and analyzed genetically tuberculosis bacteria from several thousand patients from over a hundred countries. This analysis demonstrates that the tuberculosis bacteria vary in their ecological niche. Whereas the so-called generalists occur all around the world, the specialists are only found in certain geographical regions.

Gene regulation: Shaping up to make the cut Posted: 03 Nov 2016 10:19 AM PDT Before RNA copies of genes can program the synthesis of proteins, the non-coding regions are removed by the spliceosome. Researchers report that distinct conformations of a member of this molecular complex play a vital role in the process.

The pop-up effect: Why buoyant spheres don't always leap out of the water Posted: 03 Nov 2016 10:06 AM PDT It's a common swimming pool game: Force a buoyant ball underwater and let it go. The ball springs to the surface and jumps into the air. But, submerge the ball deeper underwater and the effect is often disappointing. Contrary to our intuition, increasing the release depth often leads to a decreased pop-up height.

Ebola adapted to better infect humans during 2013-2016 epidemic Posted: 03 Nov 2016 10:04 AM PDT Researchers have identified mutations in Ebola virus that emerged during the 2013-2016 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa that increased the ability of the virus to infect human cells.

High hospital profits hurt medicine, expert argues Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:39 AM PDT Is the medical profession losing the race to attract the best and the brightest? In a series of insightful commentaries, a retired cardiologist explains how high hospital profits are hurting the practice of medicine.

Liquid crystal design method could speed development of cheap chemical sensors Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:22 AM PDT Chemical engineers have developed a new way to create inexpensive chemical sensors for detecting explosives, industrial pollutants or even the chemical markers of disease in a patient's breath.

Electron kaleidoscope: New technique visualizes multiple objects in many colors Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:22 AM PDT Electron microscopy (EM) has long been a leading technology for revealing the shape and structure of the tiniest objects, from the cells which make up the bodies organs and microbes to individual building blocks or molecules which comprise cells, in often dramatic three-dimensional detail. But current EM techniques are limited in that they produce images only in grayscale, with colorization added later. Now scientists describe a new form of multicolor EM that allows for simultaneous visualization of multiple molecular species.

Why certain songs get stuck in your head Posted: 03 Nov 2016 09:22 AM PDT If you've found yourself singing along to Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" hours after you switched the radio off, you are not alone. Certain songs do tend to stick in our heads more than others for some very specific reasons, according to research.

Kids most likely to suffer sport-related eye injuries Posted: 03 Nov 2016 08:54 AM PDT Roughly 30,000 sports-related eye injuries serious enough to end in a visit to the emergency room occur each year in the United States, and the majority happen to those under the age of 18, new research suggests.

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