ScienceDaily: Top News

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• Reef fish that conquer fear of sharks may help control excess algae
• Cleverly designed tuberculosis vaccine shows promise in mice
• Bloodstream infections: Most common type of health care-associated infections in children
• Adaptive management of soil conservation is essential to improving water quality
• Pig gene advance could boost sperm stocks from prized animals
• Research helps protect loggerhead turtles
• Older, fitter adults experience greater brain activity while learning
• The global toll of fetal alcohol syndrome
• Biofuel matchmaker: Finding the perfect algae for renewable energy
• Eat hot peppers for a longer life? Study
• Older adults walk more for money, opportunity to donate to charity
• How the darkness and the cold killed the dinosaurs
• Are herders, livestock bad for rare wildlife? It's complicated
• Targeted therapy for sleep disorders helps patients with muscular dystrophy
• Scientists engineer animals with ancient genes to test causes of evolution
• MIA transport protein no longer missing in action
• Gifted students benefit from ability grouping
• Increased cooperation between preschool, CHC to identify children with mental health problems
• Sensory stimuli control dopamine in the brain
• Cyanobacteria: The future of sunscreen?
• A clear picture of bacteria
• Workouts with fewer reps could yield better results
• Researchers achieve major breakthrough in flexible electronics
• Researchers discover self-assembling 2D and 3D materials
• High-resolution pH imaging elucidates energy mechanisms in creating bacterial flagella
• Viper's strike quantified in nature for the first time
• Reducing the radioresistance of cancer
• New urine test can quickly detect whether a person has a healthy diet
• Trial finds oral iron drug safe, effective for treating anemia in kidney disease patients
• 'Data-driven' approach may reduce violence to hospital workers
• Annual report examines state of college student mental heath
• Understanding blended galaxies
• New research holds promise for personalized lung cancer treatments

Reef fish that conquer fear of sharks may help control excess algae Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:56 PM PST Coral reef fish experience landscapes of fear based on how much shelter from predators is available, new research concludes. But they are willing to move past that fear if the payoff in a delicious meal of algae is high enough, the investigators found.

Cleverly designed tuberculosis vaccine shows promise in mice Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:55 PM PST A clever new tuberculosis vaccine has shown promise in trials in mice. If it succeeds, it will be the first new TB vaccine in a century. With the rise of multidrug resistant tuberculosis, the difficulty of curing the disease, and the large annual death toll, a successful vaccine could be a huge benefit to public health -- especially in low- and middle income countries.

Bloodstream infections: Most common type of health care-associated infections in children Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:55 PM PST A new study establishes the prevalence and type of health care-associated infections (HAIs) in children in Europe and describes risk factors for infection in this population.

Adaptive management of soil conservation is essential to improving water quality Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:54 PM PST The quality of our rivers and lakes could be placed under pressure from harmful levels of soluble phosphorus, despite well-intended measures to reduce soil erosion and better manage and conserve farmland for crop production, a new study shows. The team of international scientists found that increased levels of soluble phosphorus in rivers entering Lake Erie, in the USA, may be linked to conservation measures.

Pig gene advance could boost sperm stocks from prized animals Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:54 PM PST Gene-editing techniques could help to improve stocks of farmed pigs by boosting supplies of sperm from prized sires. Scientists have created male pigs that could be used as surrogates capable of producing sperm that contains the genetic blueprint of sought-after pigs. Researchers say the breakthrough will allow farmers to preserve sperm from prized animals in perpetuity.

Research helps protect loggerhead turtles Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:54 PM PST A long-running research and conservation project is helping save an at-risk species of turtle, report scientists.

Older, fitter adults experience greater brain activity while learning Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:54 PM PST Older adults who experience good cardiac fitness may be also keeping their brains in good shape as well. In what is believed to be the first study of its kind, older adults who scored high on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) tests performed better on memory tasks than those who had low CRF. Further, the more fit older adults were, the more active their brain was during learning.

The global toll of fetal alcohol syndrome Posted: 13 Jan 2017 12:54 PM PST Worldwide, an estimated 119,000 children are born with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) each year, a new study shows. The study provides the first-ever estimates of the proportion of women who drink during pregnancy, as well as estimates of FAS by country, World Health Organization region and worldwide.

Biofuel matchmaker: Finding the perfect algae for renewable energy Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:30 AM PST A new streamlined process could quickly pare down heaps of algae species into just a few that hold the most promise for making biofuel, say researchers.

Eat hot peppers for a longer life? Study Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:30 AM PST Consumption of hot red chili peppers is associated with a 13 percent reduction in total mortality, a large prospective study has found.

Older adults walk more for money, opportunity to donate to charity Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:30 AM PST Personal and social goals may be effective in motivating older adults to exercise, according to a new study.

How the darkness and the cold killed the dinosaurs Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:30 AM PST Climate scientists now reconstructed how tiny droplets of sulfuric acid formed high up in the air after the well-known impact of a large asteroid and blocking the sunlight for several years, had a profound influence on life on Earth.

Are herders, livestock bad for rare wildlife? It's complicated Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:30 AM PST A new article looks at the positive and negative relationships occurring between pastoralists, livestock, native carnivores and native herbivores in the world's largest unfenced grassland and desert.

Targeted therapy for sleep disorders helps patients with muscular dystrophy Posted: 13 Jan 2017 10:29 AM PST Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common adult muscular dystrophy, and many patients with DM1 suffer from various sleep and respiratory disorders. In a new study, researchers found that because there is wide range of sleep problems, treatments do not fit a "one size fits all" model.

Scientists engineer animals with ancient genes to test causes of evolution Posted: 13 Jan 2017 09:11 AM PST Scientists have created the first genetically modified animals containing reconstructed ancient genes, which they used to test the evolutionary effects of genetic changes that happened in the deep past on the animals' biology and fitness.

MIA transport protein no longer missing in action Posted: 13 Jan 2017 08:59 AM PST Scientists have made a breakthrough in understanding how valuable anti-cancer compounds are produced in the Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus).

Gifted students benefit from ability grouping Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:40 AM PST Schools should use both ability grouping and acceleration to help academically talented students, reports a new study that examined a century of research looking at the controversial subject.

Increased cooperation between preschool, CHC to identify children with mental health problems Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:34 AM PST It is beneficial to systematize the exchange of information between parents, preschool and child care centres (CHCs) to increase the focus on young children with mental health problems, research concludes.

Sensory stimuli control dopamine in the brain Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:33 AM PST The type and intensity of stimuli control the activity of nerve cells that release the neurotransmitter dopamine, report scientists.

Cyanobacteria: The future of sunscreen? Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:33 AM PST Sunscreens and moisturizers derived from biological sources such as cyanobacteria could represent a safer alternative to current, synthetically produced cosmetics, research suggests.

A clear picture of bacteria Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:04 AM PST A new study has frozen bacteria extremely fast to gain a true-to-nature image of the internal and external structure.

Workouts with fewer reps could yield better results Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:04 AM PST Time-poor people who do fewer repetitions during high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts may get better fitness benefits than those who complete more, according to an analysis.

Researchers achieve major breakthrough in flexible electronics Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:04 AM PST Semiconductors, which are the very basic components of electronic devices, have improved our lives in many ways. They can be found in lighting, displays, solar modules and microprocessors that are installed in almost all modern day devices, from mobile phones, washing machines, and cars, to the emerging Internet of Things. To innovate devices with better functionality and energy efficiency, researchers are constantly looking for better ways to make them, in particular from earth-abundant materials using eco-friendly processes.

Researchers discover self-assembling 2D and 3D materials Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:04 AM PST Self-assembly of matter is one of the fundamental principles of nature, directing the growth of larger ordered and functional systems from smaller building blocks. Self-assembly can be observed in all length scales from molecules to galaxies. Now, researchers report a novel discovery of self-assembling two- and three-dimensional materials that are formed by tiny gold nanoclusters of just a couple of nanometres in size, each having 102 gold atoms and a surface layer of 44 thiol molecules.

High-resolution pH imaging elucidates energy mechanisms in creating bacterial flagella Posted: 13 Jan 2017 06:04 AM PST Researchers have developed methods to detect pH in vivo, and elucidate phenomena driving protein export in biological activities.

Viper's strike quantified in nature for the first time Posted: 13 Jan 2017 05:59 AM PST The antagonistic predator-prey relationship is of interest to evolutionary biologists because it often leads to extreme adaptations in both the predator and prey. One such relationship is seen in the rattlesnake-kangaroo rat system. Now researchers have captured in high speed (500 frames per second) a rattlesnake trying to capture a kangaroo rat.

Reducing the radioresistance of cancer Posted: 13 Jan 2017 05:59 AM PST Some cancer cells are protected from radiation therapy through an interaction of interleukin-6 with the Nrf2-antioxidant pathway, researchers have found. The discovery is believed to improve methods of increasing cancer's radiosensitivity.

New urine test can quickly detect whether a person has a healthy diet Posted: 12 Jan 2017 06:59 PM PST A urine test has been developed that measures the health of a person's diet. This test could be the first independent indicator of the quality of a person's diet, and what they are really eating, say the researchers.

Trial finds oral iron drug safe, effective for treating anemia in kidney disease patients Posted: 12 Jan 2017 03:09 PM PST In a phase 3 trial of patients with chronic kidney disease, 52.1% of patients receiving oral ferric citrate experienced a significant boost in hemoglobin levels (a reflection of red blood cell counts) compared with 19.1% of patients receiving placebo. A treatment effect was seen as early as 1-2 weeks after the start of treatment, and the response was durable.

'Data-driven' approach may reduce violence to hospital workers Posted: 12 Jan 2017 01:25 PM PST A worksite intervention using unit-level data on violent events can lead to lower risks of patient-to-worker violence and injury to hospital staff, suggests a new study.

Annual report examines state of college student mental heath Posted: 12 Jan 2017 01:06 PM PST Despite increased demand for counseling centers on college campuses, students aren't necessarily getting sicker. Instead, it's likely student mental health needs across the country have increased due to national prevention and awareness efforts over the past decade.

Understanding blended galaxies Posted: 12 Jan 2017 11:33 AM PST Galaxies are merging all the time, even our own galaxy, the Milky Way. But how these mergers occur isn't entirely clear. An American astrophysicist will use a National Science Foundation grant to find and characterize supermassive black holes associated with merging galaxies.

New research holds promise for personalized lung cancer treatments Posted: 12 Jan 2017 11:12 AM PST New research has uncovered distinct types of tumors within small cell lung cancer that look and act differently from one another. Scientists also identified a targeted drug combination that worked well with one specific tumor type. The study findings suggest small cell lung cancer should not be treated as a uniform disease.

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