ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

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• Gun violence prevention experts call for more physician involvement
• TB infection rates set to 'turn clock back to 1930s'
• Drinking may improve ability to detect changes
• Newly identified natural protein blocks HIV, other viruses
• Combining synthetic, natural toxins could disarm cancer, drug-resistant bacteria
• Virtual vehicle vibrations: Predicting role of posture in traffic collision injuries
• Deep genomic analysis identifies a micro RNA opponent for ovarian cancer
• Vascular brain injury greater risk factor than amyloid plaques in cognitive aging
• Stem cell discovery gives insight into motor neuron disease
• New strategy for interfering with potent cancer-causing gene
• Potential treatment prevents damage from prolonged seizures
• Unchecked antibiotic use in animals may affect global human health
• Vitamin D potency varies widely in dietary supplements, analysis finds
• Mouse models fail to reproduce inflammatory genomic response to serious injuries
• Gene today, gone tomorrow: Genes for autism and schizophrenia only active in developing brains
• ADHD symptoms persist for most young children despite treatment
• New details on molecular machinery of cancer
• Possible genetic clues to organ development, birth defects
• Lack of energy an enemy to antibiotic-resistant microbes
• Increase in dance-related injuries in children and adolescents
• Reducing sodium in U.S. may save hundreds of thousands of lives over 10 years
• 'Achilles' heel' for lymphoid leukemia identified
• Noisy classroom simulation aids comprehension in hearing-impaired children
• Artificial atoms allow for magnetic resonance on individual cells: Technique for MRIs on molecular scale
• Bisphenol A affects sex-specific reproductive behaviors in a monogamous animal species
• High prevalence of drug-resistant MRSA found in nursing homes
• Large study shows substance abuse rates higher in teenagers with ADHD
• Is lead poisoning behind some juvenile crime?
• Infant gut microbiota influenced by cesarean section and breastfeeding practices; may impact long-term health
• One disease, two mechanisms: genetic root to early-onset prostate cancer identified
• How blood vessels regroup after stroke
• Community health workers help type 2 diabetes care
• Online or off, bullying proves harmful
• 'Laborist' obstetrical care improves pregnancy outcomes
• Caloric restriction, exercise help prevent weight gain, other complications in obese women
• Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac symptoms have 31 percent incidence of cardiac dysfunction
• Abnormal brain development in fetuses of obese women
• Differences in obstetric outcomes and care related to race and ethnicity
• Preemptive treatment of severe morning sickness decreases suffering for moms-to-be
• Better outcome for frozen embryo replacement vs IVF
• Policy changes in elective delivery successful
• Study suggests tightening up of criteria for definition of intrauterine growth restriction
• Genetic predisposition to brain injury after preterm birth is sex-specific
• Planned C-sections provide no advantage over planned vaginal birth of twins, study suggests
• Presence of intra-amniotic debris a risk for early preterm birth in first pregnancy
• Progesterone shots do not reduce preterm delivery in twin pregnancies, study suggests
• Study prompts rethink of how ovaries develop
• Exercise linked with reduced prostate cancer risk in Caucasians but not African-Americans
• High blood pressure during pregnancy may signal later heart disease risk
• Tumor blood vessels prevent the spread of cancer cells
• Protein 'filmed' while unfolding at atomic resolution
• Stem cell breakthrough could lead to new bone repair therapies on nanoscale surfaces
• Nanotechnology against pollen allergy
• Therapeutic effect of RNAi gene silencing effective in cancer treatment, study suggests
• Few effective, evidence-based interventions for children exposed to traumatic events

Gun violence prevention experts call for more physician involvement Posted: 11 Feb 2013 05:20 PM PST A new commentary calls for more physician engagement in the current gun policy dialogue.

TB infection rates set to 'turn clock back to 1930s' Posted: 11 Feb 2013 05:20 PM PST Tuberculosis looks set to defy concerted efforts to treat it successfully with powerful drugs, turning the clock back to the 1930s, warn experts.

Drinking may improve ability to detect changes Posted: 11 Feb 2013 05:20 PM PST Moderate intoxication may help a person notice minor changes in a visual scene, researchers have found.

Newly identified natural protein blocks HIV, other viruses Posted: 11 Feb 2013 05:19 PM PST Researchers have identified a protein with broad virus-fighting properties that could be used as a weapon against deadly human pathogenic viruses such as HIV, Ebola, and others designated "priority pathogens" for national biosecurity purposes.

Combining synthetic, natural toxins could disarm cancer, drug-resistant bacteria Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:24 PM PST Scientists are suggesting a new "combinatorial approach" to fight both drug-resistant bacteria and cancer. Scientists propose using drug cocktails that contain both synthetic drug molecules and their nature-made counterparts. The synthetic drugs have a corkscrew-shaped "counterclockwise" twist not found in nature. The team suggests combining them with clockwise-shaped toxins for maximum effect.

Virtual vehicle vibrations: Predicting role of posture in traffic collision injuries Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:24 PM PST A researcher has designed a computer program that allows engineers to accurately predict the role posture plays in transferring the stress of vehicle motion to bone and muscle in the head and neck.

Deep genomic analysis identifies a micro RNA opponent for ovarian cancer Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:23 PM PST Researchers employed an extensive analysis of genomic information to identify a new, high-risk cohort of ovarian cancer patients, characterize their tumors, find a potential treatment and test it in mouse models of the disease.

Vascular brain injury greater risk factor than amyloid plaques in cognitive aging Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:23 PM PST Vascular brain injury from conditions such as high blood pressure and stroke are greater risk factors for cognitive impairment among non-demented older people than is the deposition of the amyloid plaques in the brain that long have been implicated in conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, a new study has found.

Stem cell discovery gives insight into motor neuron disease Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:23 PM PST A discovery using stem cells from a patient with motor neuron disease could help research into treatments for the condition. The study used a patient's skin cells to create motor neurons - nerve cells that control muscle activity - and the cells that support them called astrocytes.

New strategy for interfering with potent cancer-causing gene Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:23 PM PST About five-ten percent of cases of acute myeloid leukemia, an aggressive blood cancer that is currently incurable in 70 percent of patients, are characterized by the rearrangement of a gene called MLL (Mixed-Lineage Leukemia). Medical researchers have identified a protein, RNF20, involved in DNA packaging that is essential for MLL-rearranged leukemia and thus presents an attractive therapeutic target.

Potential treatment prevents damage from prolonged seizures Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:22 PM PST Researchers have found a new anti-inflammatory compound that can reduce mortality when given to mice after drug-induced seizures. Researchers are hopeful the compound could be administered after acute status epilepticus to reduce damage to the brain.

Unchecked antibiotic use in animals may affect global human health Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:22 PM PST The increasing production and use of antibiotics, about half of which is used in animal production, is mirrored by the growing number of antibiotic resistance genes, or ARGs, effectively reducing antibiotics' ability to fend off diseases -- in animals and humans.

Vitamin D potency varies widely in dietary supplements, analysis finds Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:22 PM PST Vitamin D supplement potency varies widely, and the amount of vitamin D in over-the counter and compounded supplements does not necessarily match the amount listed on the label, according to a new research.

Mouse models fail to reproduce inflammatory genomic response to serious injuries Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:22 PM PST Existing mouse models do not appear to accurately reproduce the human genomic response to serious traumatic injury, including major burns, according to a new article. The report from a national consortium investigating the role of inflammation in the body's response to injury finds little correlation between the human response to burns, trauma or a bacterial toxin and that of currently used mouse models for those conditions.

Gene today, gone tomorrow: Genes for autism and schizophrenia only active in developing brains Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:22 PM PST Genes linked to autism and schizophrenia are only switched on during the early stages of brain development, according to a new study in mice. This new study adds to the evidence that autism and schizophrenia are neurodevelopmental disorders, a term describing conditions that originate during early brain development.

ADHD symptoms persist for most young children despite treatment Posted: 11 Feb 2013 01:21 PM PST Nine out of 10 young children with moderate to severe attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to experience serious, often severe symptoms and impairment long after their original diagnoses and, in many cases, despite treatment, according to a federally funded multi-center study.

New details on molecular machinery of cancer Posted: 11 Feb 2013 12:07 PM PST New details into the activation of a cell surface protein that has been strongly linked to a large number of cancers and is a major target of cancer therapies have been reported by Berkeley Lab researchers.

Possible genetic clues to organ development, birth defects Posted: 11 Feb 2013 12:07 PM PST Using cutting-edge time-lapse photography, researchers have discovered clues to the development of the head at the cellular level, which could point scientists to a better understanding of how organs and birth defects form in humans.

Lack of energy an enemy to antibiotic-resistant microbes Posted: 11 Feb 2013 12:07 PM PST Researchers "cured" a strain of bacteria of its ability to resist an antibiotic in an experiment that has implications for a long-standing public health crisis.

Increase in dance-related injuries in children and adolescents Posted: 11 Feb 2013 12:07 PM PST A new study examined dance-related injuries among children and adolescents 3 to 19 years of age from 1991 to 2007.

Reducing sodium in U.S. may save hundreds of thousands of lives over 10 years Posted: 11 Feb 2013 12:07 PM PST Less sodium in the U.S. diet could save 280,000 to 500,000 lives over 10 years, according to new research in the American Heart Association journal Hypertension.

'Achilles' heel' for lymphoid leukemia identified Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:50 AM PST Scientists have found a possible alternative treatment for lymphoid leukemia. They discovered a molecule that represents the disease's "Achilles' heel" and could be targeted to develop a new approach that would reduce the adverse effects of current treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Noisy classroom simulation aids comprehension in hearing-impaired children Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:50 AM PST Training the brain to filter out background noise and thus understand spoken words could help the academic performance and quality of life for children who struggle to hear, but there's been little evidence that such noise training works in youngsters. A new report showed about a 50 percent increase in speech comprehension in background noise when children with hearing impairments followed a three-week auditory training regimen.

Artificial atoms allow for magnetic resonance on individual cells: Technique for MRIs on molecular scale Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:50 AM PST Researchers have developed a technique similar to the MRI but has higher resolution and sensitivity, which has the ability to scan individual cells.

Bisphenol A affects sex-specific reproductive behaviors in a monogamous animal species Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:49 AM PST A series of experiments studied the effects of prenatal exposure to bisphenol A on later reproductive-associated behaviors using a socially and genetically monogamous rodent, the California mouse, which may better mirror most human societies than other rodents.

High prevalence of drug-resistant MRSA found in nursing homes Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:49 AM PST While most infection control measures are focused on hospitals, a new study points to the need for more targeted interventions to prevent the spread of drug-resistant bugs in nursing homes as community-associated strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus are on the rise in these facilities.

Large study shows substance abuse rates higher in teenagers with ADHD Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:48 AM PST A new study revealed a significantly higher prevalence of substance abuse and cigarette use by adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) histories than in those without ADHD. Researchers also found that, contrary to previous findings, current medications for ADHD do not counter the risk for substance abuse or substance abuse disorder.

Is lead poisoning behind some juvenile crime? Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:48 AM PST Six percent of all children ages one to two years and 11 percent of African-American (non-Hispanic) children ages one to five years have blood lead levels in the toxic range in the area a lead poisoning.

Infant gut microbiota influenced by cesarean section and breastfeeding practices; may impact long-term health Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:48 AM PST Method of birth and feeding practices influence the development of gut bacteria in newborns and thus may affect lifelong health, according to a new study.

One disease, two mechanisms: genetic root to early-onset prostate cancer identified Posted: 11 Feb 2013 10:48 AM PST While prostate cancer is the most common cancer in elderly Western men it also, but more rarely, strikes patients aged between 35 and 50. Scientists have discovered that such early-onset prostate cancers are triggered by a different mechanism from that which causes the disease at a later age. Their findings might have important consequences for the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in younger patients.

How blood vessels regroup after stroke Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:23 AM PST Scientists have simulated "robot" cells to study the development of the microvascular systems in the brain. The goal is to find a way to direct the development of vessels that feed oxygen-starved cells in stroke and neurodegenerative disease patients.

Community health workers help type 2 diabetes care Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:23 AM PST Researchers who conducted a clinical trial in American Samoa to test whether community health workers could help adults with type 2 diabetes found that the patients who received the intervention were twice as likely to make a clinically meaningful improvement as those who remained with care only in the clinic.

Online or off, bullying proves harmful Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:23 AM PST Children who are bullied online or by mobile phone are just as likely to skip school or consider suicide as kids who are physically bullied, according to a study led by a criminologist.

'Laborist' obstetrical care improves pregnancy outcomes Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:23 AM PST Shifting from traditional model of obstetrical care to laborist model improves pregnancy outcomes.

Caloric restriction, exercise help prevent weight gain, other complications in obese women Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:23 AM PST Exercise, lifestyle changes can prevent excessive weight gain in obese pregnant women, help avoid preterm delivery, hypertension, gestational diabetes.

Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac symptoms have 31 percent incidence of cardiac dysfunction Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Women with obstructive sleep apnea and cardiac symptoms have a 31 percent incidence of cardiac dysfunction.

Abnormal brain development in fetuses of obese women Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Researchers have found that fetuses of obese women had differences in gene expression as early as the second trimester, compared to fetuses of women who were a healthy weight.. Of particular note were patterns of gene expression suggestive of abnormal brain development in fetuses of obese women.

Differences in obstetric outcomes and care related to race and ethnicity Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Racial and ethnic disparities exist for adverse obstetric outcomes.

Preemptive treatment of severe morning sickness decreases suffering for moms-to-be Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Preemptive treatment effective for hyperemesis gravidarum and severe morning sickness.

Better outcome for frozen embryo replacement vs IVF Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Perinatal outcomes of frozen/thawed embryo replacement better compared to fresh IVF, but worse than non-IVF general population.

Policy changes in elective delivery successful Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Changes in elective delivery policy successful in reducing elective deliveries prior to 39 weeks.

Study suggests tightening up of criteria for definition of intrauterine growth restriction Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Using arbitrary Estimated Fetal Weight less than 10th centile not an efficient practice for defining true Intrauterine Growth Restriction.

Genetic predisposition to brain injury after preterm birth is sex-specific Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Variation in gene, involved in inflammation, associated with developmental problems after preterm birth in females, but not males.

Planned C-sections provide no advantage over planned vaginal birth of twins, study suggests Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Findings suggest planned birthing of twins at 32-38 weeks by Cesarean section does not decrease perinatal or neonatal death compared to planned vaginal birth.

Presence of intra-amniotic debris a risk for early preterm birth in first pregnancy Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Findings suggest increased risk of early preterm birth when intra-amniotic debris is present in women with short cervix.

Progesterone shots do not reduce preterm delivery in twin pregnancies, study suggests Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:22 AM PST Findings suggest 17P not effective in preventing preterm birth in twin pregnancies -- possibly harmful.

Study prompts rethink of how ovaries develop Posted: 11 Feb 2013 07:20 AM PST New research will rewrite the textbooks on how an ovary is formed, as well as providing new insights into women's health and fertility.

Exercise linked with reduced prostate cancer risk in Caucasians but not African-Americans Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:10 AM PST A new study suggests that exercise may reduce Caucasian men's risk of developing prostate cancer. And among Caucasian men who do have prostate cancer, exercise may reduce their risk of having more serious forms of the disease. Unfortunately, the benefits do not seem to apply to African-American men.

High blood pressure during pregnancy may signal later heart disease risk Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:09 AM PST High blood pressure during pregnancy — even once or twice during routine medical care — can signal substantially higher risks of heart and kidney disease and diabetes, according to new research.

Tumor blood vessels prevent the spread of cancer cells Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:09 AM PST A lack of the protein endoglin in the blood vessels of tumor-bearing mice enables the spread of daughter tumours, according to researchers. Given that the tumor vasculature constitutes an important barrier to the spread of cancer cells, the team suggests that drugs should be developed to strengthen the blood vessels' protective function. Studies of the process of metastasis (the spread of daughter tumors) have mainly focused on how the properties of the cancer cells themselves promote their spread.

Protein 'filmed' while unfolding at atomic resolution Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:09 AM PST Whether Alzheimer's, Parkinson's or Huntington's Chorea – all three diseases have one thing in common: They are caused by misfolded proteins that form insoluble clumps in the brains of affected patients and, finally, destroy their nerve cells. One of the most important questions in the biological sciences and medicine is thus: How do proteins – the tools of living cells – achieve or lose their three-dimensional structure. Because only if their amino acid chains are correctly folded, can proteins perform their tasks properly.

Stem cell breakthrough could lead to new bone repair therapies on nanoscale surfaces Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:08 AM PST Scientists have created a new method to generate bone cells which could lead to revolutionary bone repair therapies for people with bone fractures or those who need hip replacement surgery due to osteoporosis and osteoarthritis The researchers cultured human embryonic stem cells on to the surface of plastic materials and assessed their ability to change Scientists were able to use the nanotopographical patterns on the biomedical plastic to manipulate human embryonic stem cells towards bone cells. This was done without any chemical enhancement.

Nanotechnology against pollen allergy Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:08 AM PST Scientists have now been able to identify the grass pollen molecule, against which the allergic response of hay fever in children is initiated. In addition, it was shown that the first individual antibodies generated in children against individual pollen molecules can be identified even before the initial symptoms of a pollen allergy are developed.

Therapeutic effect of RNAi gene silencing effective in cancer treatment, study suggests Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:08 AM PST A new study shows for the first time that ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is effective in the treatment of cancer patients. Harnessing these molecules to silence genes involved in the development and growth of cancer cells is an important step forward in developing a new and more targeted type of cancer therapy.

Few effective, evidence-based interventions for children exposed to traumatic events Posted: 11 Feb 2013 06:07 AM PST About two out of every three children will experience at least one traumatic event before they turn 18. Despite this high rate of exposure, little is known about the effectiveness of treatments aimed at preventing and relieving traumatic stress symptoms that children may experience after such events, according to researchers.

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