الجمعة، 5 أبريل 2013

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

ScienceDaily: Health & Medicine News

Walking can lower risk of heart-related conditions as much as running

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 02:02 PM PDT

Walking can lower the risk of high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes as much as running. The more people walked or ran each week, the more their health benefits increased.

Building better blood vessels could advance tissue engineering

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 12:19 PM PDT

One of the major obstacles to growing new organs -- replacement hearts, lungs and kidneys -- is the difficulty researchers face in building blood vessels that keep the tissues alive, but new findings could help overcome this roadblock.

3-D printer can build synthetic tissues

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 11:24 AM PDT

A custom-built programmable 3-D printer can create materials with several of the properties of living tissues, scientists have demonstrated.

Assessing insulin resistance can inform about breast cancer risk

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 10:52 AM PDT

The link between obesity and cancer seems now well established although the molecular mechanisms underlying this connection are still largely unexplored. Scientists have ow studied the correlation between breast cancer and insulin resistance — an obesity-related condition in which certain cells fail to respond to the glucose-lowering action of the insulin hormone.

Adult stem cells isolated from human intestinal tissue

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 10:51 AM PDT

For the first time, researchers have isolated adult stem cells from human intestinal tissue. The accomplishment provides a much-needed resource for scientists eager to uncover the true mechanisms of human stem cell biology.

Weapons by which bacteria fight each other revealed: Could lead to new antibacterial drugs

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:24 AM PDT

Biologists have discovered that bacteria can degrade the cell membrane of bacterial competitors with enzymes that do not harm their own membrane. This exciting finding opens the way for the development of new antibacterial drugs to fight bacteria using their own weapons.

National teen driving report in U.S. finds safety gains for teen passengers

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:21 AM PDT

A new report measured a 47 percent decline in teen driver-related fatalities since 2008. Still, as recent high-profile crashes illustrate, crashes remains the leading cause of death for US teens. Risky behaviors- like smartphone use while driving, driving after drinking, and low seat belt use- remain serious problems, and experts see specific opportunities to "apply the gas" to these common factors in crashes involving teen drivers.

Genetic markers ID second Alzheimer's pathway

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:21 AM PDT

Researchers have identified a new set of genetic markers for Alzheimer's disease that point to a second pathway through which the disease develops.

Shutting down DNA construction: How senescence halts growth of potential cancers

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:21 AM PDT

How does oncogene-induced senescence work? Imagine the cell as a construction site where work continues as long as bricks (nucleotides) are available. When an oncogene is damaged, it is like hiring excess workers and cancelling orders for bricks. When brick supplies run out, construction ends and the cell becomes senescent.

Obesity without the health problems? There could be a way

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:20 AM PDT

Obesity is linked to the widespread epidemics of diabetes and heart disease that plague society, but a lesser-known fact is that the weight can also lead to autoimmune disease. Now, researchers have new information about how that damaging immune response happens and how it might be stopped.

Chemotherapy works in an unexpected way

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:20 AM PDT

New research shows that effective chemotherapies actually work by mobilizing the body's own immune cells to fight cancer. Researchers found that chemo-treated dying tumors secrete a factor that attracts certain immune cells, which then ingest tumor proteins and present them on their surfaces as alert signals that an invader is present. This new understanding of how chemotherapy works with our immune systems could prompt new tactics for treating cancer.

Shift of language function to right hemisphere impedes post-stroke aphasia recovery

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:19 AM PDT

In a study designed to differentiate why some stroke patients recover from aphasia and others do not, investigators have found that a compensatory reorganization of language function to right hemispheric brain regions bodes poorly for language recovery. Patients who recovered from aphasia showed a return to normal left-hemispheric language activation patterns.

Scientists have unravelled a mechanism critical for fungal virulence

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:19 AM PDT

Metallothioneins, proteins able to capture metal ions, play a major role in the virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans, a fungal pathogen which causes severe infections in immunodeficient and immunocompetent individuals (AIDS patients, transplant receivers, etc.)

Hepatitis A virus discovered to cloak itself in membranes hijacked from infected cells

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 09:18 AM PDT

Viruses have historically been classified into one of two types – those with an outer lipid-containing envelope and those without an envelope. For the first time, researchers have discovered that hepatitis A virus, a common cause of enterically-transmitted hepatitis, takes on characteristics of both virus types depending on whether it is in a host or in the environment.

Prostate cancer treatment study changing the way doctors practice

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 06:28 AM PDT

A new article recommends a dramatic shift in treating metastatic prostate cancer. Hormone therapy has been shown to extend the lives of patients, but it causes unpleasant side effects in men like moodiness, hot flashes, bone loss and sexual dysfunction. To relieve patients, doctors "pulsed" the therapy -- giving it for a time and then stopping until signs of prostate cancer activity reappear. The study shows that continuous therapy helps more.

Human infection with influenza A(H7N9) in China

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 04:35 AM PDT

On April 3, 2013, the China Health and Family Planning Commission notified WHO of an additional four cases of human infection with influenza A(H7N9). The four patients are from Jiangsu province in eastern China. There is no link between the cases.

Wild mice have natural protection against Lyme borreliosis

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 04:29 AM PDT

Like humans, mice can become infected with Borrelia. However, not all mice that come into contact with these bacteria contract the dreaded Lyme disease: Animals with a particular gene variant are immune to the bacteria, as scientists demonstrate. Wild mice are the primary hosts for Borrelia, which are transmitted by ticks.

A model predicts that the world's populations will stop growing in 2050

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 04:29 AM PDT

Global population data spanning the years from 1900 to 2010 have enabled a research team to predict that the number of people on Earth will stabilize around the middle of the century.

Stem cells fill gaps in bones

Posted: 04 Apr 2013 04:29 AM PDT

For many patients the removal of several centimeters of bone from the lower leg following a serious injury or a tumor extraction is only the beginning of a long-lasting ordeal. Autologous stem cells have now been found to accelerate and boost the healing process. Surgeons have achieved promising results: without stem cells, it takes on average 49 days for one centimeter of bone to regrow; with stem cells, that period has been reduced to 37 days.
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